PICORNAVIRIDAE Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
Enveloped; icosahedral, [?]-stranded
A
single
2
Q
Small (from the Italian word [?], meaning small)
A
piccolo
3
Q
Diameter:
A
27–30 nm
4
Q
A
Non-enveloped
5
Q
Capsid: naked icosahedral made up of [?] protein subunits
A
60
6
Q
Genome: single linear molecule of
A
single-stranded RNA
7
Q
First animal virus to be purified and obtained in crystalline form
A
POLIO VIRUS
8
Q
Diameter: 27 nm
A
POLIO VIRUS
9
Q
Virion: 60 subunits, each consisting of four viral proteins (VP1–VP4)
A
POLIO VIRUS
10
Q
: major antigenic site for combination with typespecific neutralizing antibodies
A
POLIO VIRUS
Viral protein VP1
11
Q
Viral genome: single-stranded positive-sense RNA
A
POLIO VIRUS
12
Q
Absorbs only to the intestinal epithelial cells and motor neuron cells of the CNS
A
POLIO VIRUS
13
Q
small nonenveloped viruses with an icosahedral configuration
A
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
14
Q
: 23 serotypes 124 (23 is missing)
A
coxsackievirus A
15
Q
: 6 serotypes 1–6
A
coxsackievirus B
16
Q
Small nonenveloped viruses with an icosahedral configuration
A
COXSACKIE
ECHO
17
Q
Consisting of 29 serotypes
A
18
Q
Optimal growth: pH 3-10
A
ECHOVIRUS
19
Q
Resistant to ether and alcohol
A
ECHOVIRUS
20
Q
Causative agents in outbreaks of aseptic meningitis
A
ECHOVIRUS
21
Q
Epidemics of viral disorders with fever and rash in young children
A
ECHOVIRUS
22
Q
MOT:
fecal oral route
aerosol inhalation
fomites
A
POLIO VIRUS
23
Q
Body: Multiplies in the tonsils and Peyer’s patch of the ileum → Spreads to regional lymph nodes and enters the blood (primary viremia) → Multiplication of virus in the reticuloendothelial cells and invades the blood stream again (secondary viremia) → Crosses the blood–brain barrier → Destruction of motor neurons (paralysis of the muscles)
A
POLIO VIRUS
24
Q
Generally initiated in the gastrointestinal tract
A
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
25
MOT: fecal-oral transmission
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
26
Prevalence: Poor sanitation, low socioeconomic status, crowded living conditions, immunocompromised patients
POLIO VIRUS
27
Mainly affects children
POLIO VIRUS
28
Major public health problem in developing countries
POLIO VIRUS
29
Endemic (2003): Afghanistan, Egypt, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, and India
POLIO VIRUS
30
Epidemic and endemic patterns
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
ECHOVIRUS
31
Recovered much more frequently in the summer and early fall
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
ENTERO
32
Age: Young children are the reservoir of the virus
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
33
Epidemic and endemic patterns
COCX
ECHOVIRUS
34
Infection rates vary with the season, geography, and the age and socioeconomic status of the population sampled
ECHOVIRUS
35
ECHOVIRUS
was predominant
Echovirus 9
36
Age: children younger than 15 years (threequarters) – WHO
ECHOVIRUS
37
Sex: Male (50%)
ECHOVIRUS
38
Stable (does not withstand freeze-drying)
POLIO VIRUS
39
Inactivated at 55°C for 30 minutes (sensitive to heat)
POLIO VIRUS
40
Survive in feces for days to several weeks at room temperature, for months at 4°C, for years at -20°C
POLIO VIRUS
41
Incubation Period: 3 to 6 days (non-paralytic), 7 to 21 days (paralytic)
POLIO VIRUS
42
Acute infections: infections of the oropharynx and the gut
POLIO VIRUS
43
Chronic infections: viraemia and spread of infection to CNS
POLIO VIRUS
44
Incubation period: 10-14 days
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
45
Symptoms:
- Fever
- Mouth Sores
- Sore throat
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
46
Incubation period: 2-7 days
ECHOVIRUS
47
Symptoms:
- Croup
- Mouth Sores
- Skin rashes
- Sore throat
ECHOVIRUS
48
: appear within a week of infection, persist for nearly 6 months
Serum IgM antibodies
49
: persist lifelong
IgG antibodies
50
: provide mucosal immunity against the virus, protects the infants from infection (breast milk)
Secretary IgA antibodies
51
Isolation of virus: throat swabs, stools, rectal swabs, CSF
ECHOVIRUS
52
Immunofluorescence assay and ELISA
ECHOVIRUS
53
Viral cultivation: cell cultures
ECHOVIRUS
54
Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR)
ECHOVIRUS
55
Congenital and neonatal diseases, myocarditis/pericarditis, febrile illness with rash, meningitis
ECHOVIRUS
56
90% or 90-95%
1. Asymptomatic polio
57
Caused of viral infection to the oropharynx and intestine
1. Asymptomatic polio
58
5%
2. Minor Polio or Abortive Polio
59
Temporary fever, headache, sore throat, loss of appetite, vomiting, abdominal pain
2. Minor Polio or Abortive Polio
60
Duration: 5 days
2. Minor Polio or Abortive Polio
61
3% or 1-2%
3. Non-paralytic Polio (Aseptic meningitis)
62
Viruses invading the CNS and meninges
3. Non-paralytic Polio (Aseptic meningitis)
63
Symptoms: muscle spasms, back pain (Similar to abortive polio but more intense)
3. Non-paralytic Polio (Aseptic meningitis)
64
0.1–2%
4. Paralytic Polio
65
Paralytic poliomyelitis
4. Paralytic Polio
66
Bulbar poliomyelitis
4. Paralytic Polio
67
Viruses invade the spinal cord and motor cortex of the brain
limiting nerve impulse conduction (paralysis)
Paralytic poliomyelitis
68
Brain stem and medulla are infected
Bulbar poliomyelitis
69
Paralysis of limbs and respiratory muscles
Bulbar poliomyelitis
70
20-80%
5. Postpolio syndrome (30 – 40 years after)
71
Crippling deterioration of the affected muscles due to age-related aggravation of nerve damage
5. Postpolio syndrome (30 – 40 years after)
72
Acute aseptic meningitis
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
73
Herpangina
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
74
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
75
Good personal and hospital hygiene, proper sanitation
POLIO VIRUS
76
Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) by Jonas Salk (intramuscular)
POLIO VIRUS
77
Oral polio vaccine (OPV) by Albert Sabin
POLIO VIRUS
78
Handwashing
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
79
Currently, no vaccines are available
COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS
ENTERO
RHINO
80
Administration of immune globulin for infants
ECHOVIRUS
81
No antiviral drugs
ECHOVIRUS
82
Also known as Hepatitis A virus
ENTEROVIRUSES
83
Small, approximately 25-30 nm in diameter
ENTEROVIRUSES
84
Icosahedral in shape
ENTEROVIRUSES
85
Non-enveloped
ENTEROVIRUSES
HEPATITIS A
86
Picornaviridae
HEPATITIS A
87
Single-stranded RNA genome
HEPATITIS A
88
small, non-enveloped icosahedral viruses, single-stranded RNA virus.
RHINOVIRUS
89
high genetic diversity, with more than 150 serotypes.
RHINOVIRUS
90
Sensitive to acid pH
RHINOVIRUS
91
Optimal growth at 33 C in pH 7
RHINOVIRUS
92
Causes mild nausea and diarrhea in adults
93
Diseases can be more severe in neonate
ENTEROVIRUS
94
MOT
-alimentary canal
-aerosol inhalation
-fomites
-fecal-oral
-virus can spread to the spinal cord, heart and skin
ENTEROVIRUSES
95
Targets the liver, causing inflammation.
HEPATITIS A
96
MOT
-fecal-oral route, entering the body through contaminated food or water
HEPATITIS A
97
primarily infect the upper respiratory tract
RHINOVIRUS
98
MOT
respiratory secretions, direct contact thru the nasopharynx
RHINOVIRUS
99
Host Defenses:
-Interferon
-gastric acidity
-temperature
RHINOVIRUS
100
Occurs during summer and early fall
ENTEROVIRUSES
101
More prevalent in areas with poor sanitation
ENTEROVIRUSES
102
Endemic worldwide
ENTEROVIRUSES
103
Global distribution
HEPATITIS A
104
Poor sanitation areas are more susceptible to outbreaks
HEPATITIS A
105
spread primarily through respiratory droplets
RHINOVIRUS
106
most common in the fall and spring, but they can occur throughout the year
RHINOVIRUS
107
Major cause of common cold (55% cases)
RHINOVIRUS
108
Cultured from pharyngeal specimens (1 to 2 weeks)
ENTEROVIRUSES
109
Isolated from feces for as long as 6 weeks
ENTEROVIRUSES
110
Specimens from the throat, feces, rectum, CSF, conjunctiva
ENTEROVIRUSES
111
Incubation period: few weeks
HEPATITIS A
112
Symptoms: fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, jaundice
HEPATITIS A
113
Asymptomatic
HEPATITIS A
114
Mild, self-limited condition to a more severe form
HEPATITIS A
115
Mild illness with symptoms appearing 2-3 days post-exposure
RHINOVIRUS
116
The incubation period for rhinovirus infection typically ranges from 1 to 3 days.
RHINOVIRUS
117
Symptoms:
o Profuse watery nasal discharge
o Headache
o malaise
o sneezing
o congestion
o sore throat
o cough
RHINOVIRUS
118
Serologic testing for the presence of IgM antibody with ELISA can be used for suspect cases of infection and has been used as an epidemiologic tool in outbreaks.
ENTEROVIRUSES
119
Lifelong immunity
HEPATITIS A
120
Not susceptible to reinfection
HEPATITIS A
121
Serological tests may detect antibodies
RHINOVIRUS
122
IgM antibodies are typically detectable within 1-2 weeks of infection
RHINOVIRUS
123
IgG antibodies are typically detectable for several months or years
RHINOVIRUS
124
Hepatitis with short incubation period
ENTEROVIRUSES
125
are responsible for a variety of diseases and conditions, including
Paralytic polio
Aseptic meningitis
Encephalitis
ENTEROVIRUSES
126
o most common among infants and children
Aseptic meningitis
127
o symptoms: headache, fever, nuchal rigidity
Aseptic meningitis
128
o patients may appear lethargic or obtunded
Aseptic meningitis
129
paralytic poliomyelitis
ENTEROVIRUSES
130
encephalitis
ENTEROVIRUSES
131
In addition to respiratory illness: myocarditis, and pericarditis
ENTEROVIRUSES
132
Common cold
RHINOVIRUS
133
Respiratory illnesses including otitis media, sinusitis, Exacerbations of asthma and COPD
RHINOVIRUS
134
Ensure safe water supply, proper waste disposal
ENTEROVIRUSES
135
No vaccines are availablem
ENTEROVIRUSES
136
Good personal and hospital hygiene and proper sanitation
ENTEROVIRUSES
137
Prevention:
Vaccination
HEPATITIS A
138
Prevention:
Effective and long-lasting protection
HEPATITIS A
139
Prevention:
Practicing good hygiene, especially proper handwashing
HEPATITIS A
140
Risk Groups: Travelers to regions with high endemicity, men who have sex with men, people who use injection or non-injection drugs
HEPATITIS A
141
Public Health Measures: Vaccination campaigns, improved sanitation, education on proper hygiene practices to reduce the risk of transmission
HEPATITIS A
142
No vaccine available
RHINOVIRUS
143
Hand hygiene to prevent spread
RHINOVIRUS
144
Respiratory etiquette
RHINOVIRUS
