PROPERTIES, KEY CONCEPTS, NUTRITION, & IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI

Question 1

Has no (?) or photosynthetic pigments

Answer 1

plastids

Question 2

(?): absorb rather than ingest

Answer 2

Osmotrophic

Question 3

Often (?) and capable of exploiting many different substrate

Answer 3

opportunistic

Question 4

Never (?) at any type

Answer 4

amoeboid

Question 5

Live inside branching networks

Answer 5

(hyphae)

Question 6

Almost all reproduce by (?)

Answer 6

unicellular or multicellular spores

Question 7

Generally, have (?) nuclei

Answer 7

haploid somatic

Question 8

Do not produce (?)

Answer 8

flagellate cells

Question 9

(?) (Stramenophila and Fungi)

Answer 9

Chromista and Eumycota

Question 10

Chromista Hyphae

Answer 10

cellulose

Question 11

Eumycota Hyphae

Answer 11

walls of chitin

Question 12

Chromista Nuclei in somatic cells

Answer 12

diploid

Question 13

Eumycota Nuclei in somatic cells

Answer 13

haploid

Question 14

Resistant to (?)

Answer 14

salt, drying, and low pH

Question 15

Established mutualistic symbioses with (?) (algae) to form lichens

Answer 15

cyanobacteria and chlorophycota

Question 16

All fungi are (?)

Answer 16

chemoheterotrophs

Question 17

are absorbed to be digested

Answer 17

Nutrients

Question 18

Some are

Answer 18

parasitic, saprophytic (soil and water), or omnivorous

Question 19

Habitat:

Answer 19

soil, water, animals, plants, etc

Question 20

pH

Answer 20

5.0

Question 21

Almost all molds are (?) and most yeasts are (?)

Answer 21

aerobic

facultative anaerobic

Question 22

It can grow in (?)

Answer 22

high sugar or salt concentrations, low moisture, and less nitrogen

Question 23

BENEFICIAL

Answer 23

Essential in breaking down and recycling organic matter
Serve as model system for the investigation of a variety of eukaryotic process
Food, baking and brewery
Medicines
Recombinant DNA

Question 24

HARMFUL

Answer 24

Human, animal, and plant disease
Produce toxins/mycotoxins

Question 25

part of the plant w/ chlorophyll

Answer 25

plastids

Question 26

w/o flagella

Answer 26

Never amoeboid

Question 27

yeast phase

Answer 27

unicellular

Question 28

mold phase

Answer 28

multicellular spores

Question 29

w/ 2 complete sets of chromosomes

Answer 29

diploid

Question 30

uses organic cpds like carbons, nitrates, hydrogen, nitrogen

Answer 30

chemoheterotrophs

Question 31

Food, baking and brewery (Ex. [?])

Answer 31

Blue cheese, shitake and button mushrooms

Question 32

Medicines (?)

Answer 32

penicillin, cephalosporin, immunosuppressive drugs like cyclosporin

Question 33

– used to treat organ rejection and transplantation

Answer 33

cyclosporin

Question 34

Recombinant DNA (Hepa B vaccine containing [?])

Answer 34

Saccharomyces cerevisiae