9/8/12 a

Question 1

What eq’n relates flow (Q) to resistance (R)?

Answer 1

Q = P1-P2 / R

Question 2

What is the eg’n for Resistance?

Answer 2

R = η*L / r^4

where η = viscosity, L=length; r = radius

Question 3

What eq’n, then, relates Q to r?

Answer 3

Q = [(P1-P2) / (η*L)] * r^4

Question 4

In words, how does Q relate to r?

Answer 4

Q is proportional to r^4

Question 5

What is the clinical manifestation of oculomotor diabetic neuropathy?

Answer 5

down and out gaze

Question 6

What is the mech of oculomotor diabetic neuropathy? How does the anatomy of CN III affect the Sx?

Answer 6

ischemia of CN III; somatomotor fibers in center of nerve (parasympathetic unaffected b/c at periphery)

Question 7

What fibers of CN III are affected in compression of the nerve as in uncal herniation?

Answer 7

motor and parasympathetic

Question 8

What is the effect of parasympathetic dysfunction in the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 8

mydriasis

Question 9

What is the effect of subarachnoid hemorrhage on the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 9

compression, loss of pupillary reflex

Question 10

What is the effect of prolactin on GnRH?

Answer 10

reduced production

Question 11

What is the intracellular target of Rifampin?

Answer 11

RNA polymerase

Question 12

HBV can be detected in all bodily fluids except _______.

Answer 12

stool

Question 13

When does anti-HBs IgG appear in the serum?

Answer 13

After vaccination or successful resolution of HBV infection.

Question 14

What is the usual route of HCV transmission?

Answer 14

Hematologic (i.e. IV drug use or blood transfusion).

Question 15

What is the usual route of HDV infection?

Answer 15

blood

Question 16

ECG shows ST-elevation in leads V1 and V2 along with 2nd degree heart block. What coronary artery is likely infarcted?

Answer 16

LAD

Question 17

A proximal infarction of the LAD could cause ST-elevation in which leads?

Answer 17

V1-V4

Question 18

Transmural ischemia resulting from occlusion of the circumflex a. would lead to ST-elevation in which leads?

Answer 18

V5 and V6; possibly I and aVL

Question 19

A STEMI d/t occlusion of the left main coronary artery would be expected to cause ST-elevation in which leads?

Answer 19

all chest leads and possibly I and aVL

Question 20

An “inferior wall infarct” would most likely result from an occlusion of which artery?

Answer 20

PDA / RCA

Question 21

Which enzyme of the TCA cycle also serves as complex II of the electron transport chain? What cofactor does it require?

Answer 21

succinate dehydrogenase; FAD

Question 22

G6PD is the RLS in what p-way?

Answer 22

pentose phosphate shunt!!!

Question 23

What neoplams are associated w/ H. pylori infection?

Answer 23

gastric adenocarcinoma and MALToma (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue tumor)

Question 24

Within the lung, rupture of apical blebs is thought to be the cause of _______.

Answer 24

spontaneous pneumothorax

Question 25

What nerve provides the sensory portion of the corneal reflex? the motor part?

Answer 25

nasociliary branch of V1; temporal branch of CN VII

Question 26

What might you suspect in a pt w/ hyperphosphatemia despite consistently high levels of PTH?

Answer 26

renal failure

Question 27

What does the kidney do w/ excess 25-hydrocholecalciferol?

Answer 27

produces 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

Question 28

What substance could you administer orally to determine if malabsorption is of pancreatic or GI mucosal etiology? In which case will it be absorbed?

Answer 28

D-xylose; pancreatic insufficiency

Question 29

Peroxidase positive granules in a hematological neoplasm indicates a _______ origin. These granules are called _______.

Answer 29

myeloblast; Auer rods

Question 30

CD19 and CD10 are markers of _______.

Answer 30

B-cell precursors

Question 31

CD1, CD2, and CD5 positive cells are _______.

Answer 31

T-cell precursors

Question 32

Terminal deoxynucleotidetransferase (TdT) is found in what hematological malignancy frequently found in children?

Answer 32

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) (B- or T-cell precursors)

Question 33

What is the order of electrical conduction through the conduction system of the heart?

Answer 33

SA->atria->AV->bundle of His->branches of His->Purkinje fibers->ventricles

Question 34

What is the AV nodes intrinsic pacemaker rate?

Answer 34

45-55 bpm

Question 35

If the bundle of His, His fibers, or Purkinje fibers serve as the heart's pacemeaker, what would the rate and ECG pattern look like?

Answer 35

very slow rate (20-45 bpm); wide, abnormal QRS