Chapter 4: Prefixes: Vocabulary

Question 1

antigen

Answer 1

Usually a foreign substance such as position, virus, or bacterium. Stimulates production of antibodies.

Question 2

antibody

Answer 2

Protein substance made by white blood cells in response to the presence of foreign antigens.

Question 3

immune response

Answer 3

The reaction between an antigen and antibody.

Question 4

vaccine

Answer 4

Injection or spray of a weakened or dead antigen that stimulates the white blood cells to make antibodies. The antibodies remain in the blood to protect against those specific antigens if encountered in the future.

Question 5

Rh condition

Answer 5

A person is Rh-negative meaning their red cells lack the Rh factor antigen

Question 6

hemolytic disease of the newborn
or
erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 6

An embryo is Rh-positive, but the mother is Rh-negative so the mother’s acquired antibodies from a previous pregnancy or transfusion enters the embryo’s bloodstream. These antibodies attack and destroy the embryo’s Rh-positive red blood cells., so the embryo attempts to compensate by making several but immature red blood cells.

Question 7

jaundice

Answer 7

Yellow skin pigmentation resulting from excessive bilirubin in the bloodstream.

Question 8

congenital anomaly

Answer 8

An irregularity in a structure or organ

Question 9

recombinant DNA technology

Answer 9

Process of taking a gene from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism.

Question 10

polymerase chain reaction

Answer 10

Method of producing multiple copies of a single gene, which is an important tool of recombinant DNA technology.

Question 11

syndrome

Answer 11

Group of signs of symptoms that appear together to produce a typing clinical picture of a disease or inherited abnormality.

Question 12

Reye syndrome

Answer 12

Occurs in children after a viral infection has been treated by aspirin.

Symptoms: vomiting, swelling of the brain, increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and dysfunction of the liver.

Question 13

Marfan syndrome

Answer 13

Inherited connective tissue disorder marked by a tall, thin body type with long “spidery” fingers and toes, elongated head, and abnormalities with the heart, blood vessels and eyes.

Question 14

transurethral resection of the prostate

Answer 14

Portion of the prostate gland is removed with a rectoscope passed through the urethra

Question 15

ultrasonography

Answer 15

Diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to produce an image of an organ or tissue.

Question 16

echocardiogram

Answer 16

Ultrasound images of the heart