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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 13: Blood System: Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Blood System: Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

albumin

A

Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

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2
Q

antibody

A

Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it

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3
Q

antigen

A

Substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

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4
Q

basophil

A

White blood cell containing granules that stain blue

Associated with the release of histamine and heparin

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5
Q

bilirubin

A

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

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6
Q

coagulation

A

Blood clotting

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7
Q

colony-stimulating factor

A

Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells (granulocytes)

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8
Q

differentiation

A

Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

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9
Q

electrophoresis

A

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

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10
Q

eosinophil

A

White blood cell containing granules that stain red

Associated with allergic reactions

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11
Q

erythroblast

A

Immature red blood cell

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12
Q

erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell

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13
Q

erythropoietin

A

Hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulated red blood cell formation

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14
Q

fibrin

A

Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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15
Q

fibrinogen

A

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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16
Q

globulin

A

Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples

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17
Q

granulocyte

A

White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules

Three types:

  • eosinophil
  • neutrophil
  • basophil
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18
Q

hematopoietic stem cell

A

Cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

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19
Q

hemoglobin

A

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells

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20
Q

heparin

A

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

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21
Q

immune reaction

A

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion

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22
Q

immunoglobulin

A

Protein (a globulin) with antibody activity

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23
Q

leukocyte

A

White blood cell

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24
Q

lymphocyte

A

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

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25
Q

macrophage

A

Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris.

In the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells

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26
Q

megakaryocyte

A

Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

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27
Q

monocyte

A

Leukocyte with one large nucleus. It engulfs foreign material and debris.

Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues

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28
Q

mononuclear

A

Pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus

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29
Q

myeloblast

A

Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes

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30
Q

neutrophil

A

Granulocytic leukocyte formed in the bone marrow. It is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. Attraction to no dye

Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte

31
Q

plasma

A

Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

32
Q

plasmapheresis

A

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor.

33
Q

platelet

A

Small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

34
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

Pertaining to a white blood cell with a multi-lobed nucleus; neutrophil

35
Q

prothrombin

A

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

36
Q

reticulocyte

A

Immature erythrocyte. A network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes

37
Q

Rh factor

A

Antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive individuals

38
Q

serum

A

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors

39
Q

stem cell

A

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms

40
Q

thrombin

A

Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

41
Q

thrombocyte

A

Platelet

42
Q

heme

A

Iron-containing pigment

43
Q

edema

A

Swelling results when too much fluid from the blood enters the surrounding tissue

44
Q

hypochromic

A

Pertaining to deficiency of colour

reduction of hemoglobin in red blood cells

45
Q

anticoagulant

A

A substance that works against coagulation

46
Q

coagulopathy

A

Disease of the clotting process

47
Q

cytology

A

Study of cells

48
Q

hematocrit

A

Separation of blood; percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood

49
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A

Disease of abnormal hemoglobins

50
Q

anisocytosis

A

Abnormal condition of unequal size of cells

51
Q

leukocytopenia

A

Deficiency of white blood cells

52
Q

morphology

A

Study of shape or form of blood cells

53
Q

myelodysplasia

A

Abnormal development of bone marrow cells; preleukemic condition

54
Q

neutropenia

A

Deficiency in neutrophils

55
Q

poikilocytosis

A

Irregularity in the shape of red blood cells

56
Q

sideropenia

A

Deficiency in iron in serum

57
Q

spherocytosis

A

Condition (abnormal) in which erythrocytes assume a spheroidal (rounded) shape

58
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

Deficiency of clotting cells

59
Q

leukapheresis

A

Removal of white blood cells from the rest of the body by centrifugation

60
Q

plateletpheresis

A

Removal of platelets from the rest of the blood by centrifugation

61
Q

monoblast

A

Immature white blood cell (monocyte)

62
Q

macrocytosis

A

Abnormal condition (slight increase in numbers) of macrocytes (red blood cells that are larger than normal)

63
Q

microcytosis

A

Abnormal condition (slight increase in numbers) of microcytes (red blood cells that are smaller than normal)

64
Q

leukemia

A

Abnormal condition of white blood cells (increase in numbers of malignant cells)

65
Q

myeloid

A

Derived from bone marrow

66
Q

thrombosis

A

Abnormal condition of clotting

67
Q

granulocytopenia

A

Deficiency of granulocytes (white blood cells)

68
Q

pancytopenia

A

Deficiency of all blood cells

69
Q

eosinophilia

A

Increase in the numbers of eosinophils

70
Q

neutrophilia

A

Increase in the numbers of neutrophils

71
Q

hematopoiesis

A

Formation of blood cells

72
Q

erythropoiesis

A

Formation of erythrocytes

73
Q

myelopoiesis

A

Formation of bone marrow

74
Q

hemostasis

A

Stoppage of the flow of blood

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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