Chapter 7: Urinary System: Pathology and Laboratory Tests

Question 1

glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

Question 2

interstitial nephritis

Answer 2

Inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

Question 3

nephrolithiasis

Answer 3

Kidney stones (renal calculi)

Question 4

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

Answer 4

Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

Question 5

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 5

Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

Question 6

pyelonephritis

Answer 6

Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

Question 7

renal cell carcinoma

Answer 7

Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

Question 8

renal failure

Answer 8

Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function

Question 9

renal hypertension

Answer 9

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Question 10

Wilms tumor

Answer 10

Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

Question 11

bladder cancer

Answer 11

Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

Question 12

diabetes insipidus

Answer 12

Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted or there is a resistance of the kidney to the antidiuretic hormone

Question 13

diabetes mellitus

Answer 13

Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

Question 14

blood, urea, nitrogen

BUN

Answer 14

Measurement of urea levels in blood

Question 15

creatinine clearance

Answer 15

Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

Question 16

CT urography

Answer 16

X-ray images obtained using computed tomography (CT) showing multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney

Question 17

kidneys, ureters, bladder

KUB

Answer 17

X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

Question 18

renal angiography

Answer 18

X-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney

Question 19

retrograde pyelogram

Answer 19

X-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder

Question 20

voiding cystourethrogram
(VCU)

Answer 20

X-ray image (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding

Question 21

ultrasonography

Answer 21

Imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves

Question 22

radioisotope scane

Answer 22

Image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance (radioisotope) into the bloodstream

Question 23

MRI urography

Answer 23

Changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body

Question 24

cystoscopy

Answer 24

Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)

Question 25

dialysis

Answer 25

Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood

Question 26

lithotripsy

Answer 26

Urinary tract stones are crushed

Question 27

renal angioplasty

Answer 27

Dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries

Question 28

renal biopsy

Answer 28

Removal of kidney tissues for microscopic examination

Question 29

renal transplantation

Answer 29

Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

Question 30

urinary catheterization

Answer 30

Passage of a flexible tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder

Question 31

Foley catheter

Answer 31

Indwelling (left inside the bladder) catheter held in place by a balloon inflated with liquid

Question 32

hemodialysis

Answer 32

Uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste-filled blood from the patient’s bloodstream, filters it and returns the dialyzed blood to the patient’s body

Question 33

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 33

Uses a catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal cavity. Waste materials in the capillaries of the peritoneum pass out of the bloodstream and into the fluid, which is then removed by the catheter

Question 34

parenchyma

Answer 34

Essential and distinctive tissue

Question 35

essential hypertension or primary hypertension

Answer 35

The most common type of high blood pressure