9.1-9.2

Question 1

chemical processes of life

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

the elements and compounds that your body needs for energy, repair, and growth

Answer 2

Nutrients

Question 3

the energy content of food

Answer 3

Calories(capital c)

Question 4

fat cells

Answer 4

Adipose cells

Question 5

excess of adipose cells/fat cells

Answer 5

Obesity

Question 6

needed in relatively large amounts

Answer 6

Macronutrients

Question 7

needed in relatively small amounts

Answer 7

Micronutrients

Question 8

the most important energy-producing compounds in the cell, provide most of the energy for living things

Answer 8

Carbohydrates

Question 9

simplest of carbohydrates

Answer 9

Sugars

Question 10

a mixture of polysaccharides manufactured by plant cells for glucose storage

Answer 10

Starch

Question 11

not digested

Answer 11

Dietary fiber

Question 12

turns into a gel during digestion, thereby slowing digestion and helping the stomach and intestines absorb nutrients

Answer 12

Soluble fiber

Question 13

helps move undigested wastes along to keep the intestines clean and healthy

Answer 13

Insoluble fiber

Question 14

the primary component of plant cell walls, is a form of insoluble fiber

Answer 14

Cellulose

Question 15

complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells

Answer 15

Proteins

Question 16

compounds that are insoluble in water

Answer 16

Lipids

Question 17

building blocks of protein/what proteins are made of

Answer 17

Amino acids

Question 18

Simplest type of lipid molecule

Answer 18

Fatty acid

Question 19

energy carrier of the cell

Answer 19

ATP

Question 20

2 vitamins

Answer 20

Water-soluble
Fat-soluble

Question 21

help the enzymes do their jobs

Answer 21

Coenzymes

Question 22

substances that neutralize harmful molecules

Answer 22

Antioxidants

Question 23

harmful molecules

Answer 23

Free radicals

Question 24

makes up most of body

Answer 24

water

Question 25

Fluid inside cells

Answer 25

Intracellular fluid

Question 26

Fluid outside cells

Answer 26

Extracellular fluid

Question 27

a tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

Answer 27

Alimentary canal

Question 28

the processing of food

Answer 28

Digestion

Question 29

the intake of nutrients

Answer 29

Absorption

Question 30

a muscular action

Answer 30

Peristalsis

Question 31

a soap-like substance formed by the liver

Answer 31

Bile

Question 32

special proteins

Answer 32

Enzymes

Question 33

digestion in mouth?

Answer 33

Oral cavity

Question 34

a slimy substance

Answer 34

Mucus

Question 35

Separates the mouth from the nasal passages; the roof of the mouth and works with the tongue, lips, and teeth to form words for speech

Answer 35

Palate

Question 36

pushes food between the teeth and helps mix the food with mucus and saliva

Answer 36

Tongue

Question 37

a small ball

Answer 37

Bolus

Question 37

The digestive glands of the mouth

Answer 37

Salivary glands

Question 38

sticky digestive juice

Answer 38

Saliva

Question 39

cut, break, or crush food into smaller pieces

Answer 39

Teeth

Question 40

four teeth that cut food apart

Answer 40

Incisors

Question 41

the two tearing teeth that flank the incisors

Answer 41

Cuspids

Question 42

the four light-grinding teeth that are in pairs on each side of the jaw next to the cuspids

Answer 42

Bicuspids

Question 43

the six heavy-grinding teeth that are arranged three to a side at the back of the jaw

Answer 43

Molars

Question 44

appear at 17-25

Answer 44

Wisdom tooth

Question 45

when wisdom teeth don't grow

Answer 45

Impacted

Question 46

appear during the first four or five years of life and are lost by the age of fourteen

Answer 46

Primary teeth

Question 47

The roots of the primary teeth are slowly reabsorbed as the _____, which form on the jaw beneath the primary teeth, prepare to erupt

Answer 47

Permanent teeth

Question 48

scientific name for chewing

Answer 48

Mastication

Question 49

the top of teeth; the part that you can see

Answer 49

Crown

Question 50

part of tooth that's right where the gum line is

Answer 50

Neck

Question 51

anchors the tooth below the gum

Answer 51

Root

Question 52

inner part of the tooth

Answer 52

Pulp

Question 53

the bone-like layer that surrounds the pulp and forms the bulk of the tooth

Answer 53

Dentin

Question 54

hardest substance in body

Answer 54

enamel

Question 55

fastens the tooth to the jaw

Answer 55

Cementum

Question 56

often added to drinking water and tooth-paste to make the teeth more resistant to decay

Answer 56

Fluoride

Question 57

most common disease in man

Answer 57

Dental caries

Question 58

a sticky, colorless film of bacteria on teeth

Answer 58

Plaque

Question 59

causes tooth decay

Answer 59

Lactic acid

Question 60

a gum disease; caused by bad oral hygiene

Answer 60

periodontal disease

Question 61

a hard deposit on tooth; medical name?

Answer 61

Tartar; Calculus

Question 62

the gums become tender and inflamed and are likely t; o bleed easily when the teeth are brushed; periodontal disease

Answer 62

Gingivitis

Question 63

a disease in which the gums detach from the teeth and eventually the bones supporting the teeth are destroyed

Answer 63

Periodontitis

Question 64

funnel-shaped cavity at the back of the oral cavity

Answer 64

Pharynx

Question 65

muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 65

Esophagus

Question 66

rhythmic wave of muscular contractions of the esophagus and digestive tract

Answer 66

Peristalsis

Question 67

closes the top of the trachea as you swallow to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract

Answer 67

Epiglottis