midterm... Flashcards
1
Q
stable internal environment
A
homeostasis
2
Q
system of the body designed for homeostasis
A
integumentary system
3
Q
main organ of integumentary system
A
skin
4
Q
outer layer of the skin
A
epidermis
5
Q
pigment for skin cells
A
melanin
6
Q
protein that hardens skin
A
keratin
7
Q
second layer of skin
A
dermis
8
Q
third layer of skin
A
subcutaneous layer
9
Q
a serious condition caused by log exposure to the sun’s rays
A
skin cancer
10
Q
most dangerous form of skin cancer
A
malignant melanoma
11
Q
oil that waterproofs skin and keeps it flexible
A
sebum
12
Q
help regulate temperature
A
sweat glands
13
Q
the removal of waste substances from the body
A
excretion
14
Q
most important excretory organs
A
kidneys
15
Q
return of water and molecules to blood during filteration
A
reabsorption
16
Q
working units of kidneys
A
nephron
17
Q
liquid waste body produces
A
urine
18
Q
hormone that controls reabsorption of water
A
ADH
19
Q
enzyme that increases blood pressure
A
renin
20
Q
machine that does work for kidney
A
artificial kidney/dialyzer
21
Q
process where machine does work for kidney
A
dialysis
22
Q
system that uses chemical messengers to communicate with parts of the body
A
endocrine system
23
Q
mastery gland
A
pituitary
24
Q
chemical messengers for body
A
hormones
25
hormone that controls metabolism
thyroxine
26
growth hormone
somatotropin
27
swelling in neck due to lack of iodine
goiter
28
glands that produce insulin and glucagon
islets of langerhans
29
disease that results when the body doesn't produce or respond to insulin
diabetes mellitus
30
scientific name for adrenaline
epinephrine
31
other hormones adrenal glands produce besides adrenaline
steroids
32
system that allows for continuation of human race
reproductive system
33
the gland that produces the sleep hormone
pineal gland
34
hormone that governs ability to sleep
melatonin
35
time of physical transition from child to adult
adolescence
36
stage of life in which reproductive organs mature
puberty
37
female reproductive *organ*
ovaries
38
female reproductive *hormone*
estrogens
39
male reproductive hormone
testosterone
40
organ that provides place for unborn child to develop
uterus
41
moment of fertilization/ that life begins
conception
42
the 38-to 40-week period from conception to birth
Gestation
43
first 8 weeks of development
Embryo
44
ninth week of development until birth
Fetus
45
connects placenta to child
umbilical cord
46
process of birth
labor
47
study of living things
biology
48
main root with secondary roots that branch off of it
taproot system
49
plants whose flowers produce seeds covered by fruit
angiosperms
50
plants that live for one year (growing season)
plants that live for two years (growing seasons)
plants that live for many years (growing seasons)
annual- 1
biennials- 2
perennials- many
51
part of the plant that is usually found above ground
shoot system
52
trees that lose their leaves each winter
deciduous
53
part of the plant that is ordinarily underground
root system
54
contains developing leaf or stem structures
buds
55
two leaves growing from each node
opposite arrangement
56
one leaf per node
alternate arrangement
57
organisms that make their own food
autotrophs/producers
58
plant’s chloroplasts capture the radiant energy of light and convert it into the chemical energy of food (light to food)
photosynthesis
59
the transfer of pollen from another to stigma
pollination
60
when sperm cell and egg cells unite
fertilization
61
reproductive cells of a plant or any other organism
gametes
62
fleshy and juicy throughout
berry
63
fruit of grass family
grain
64
period of inactivity
dormancy
65
growth in length
primary growth
66
older, inner wood that no longer conducts sap
heartwood
67
thick,horizontal stem that goes underground
rhizome
68
special stem used for protection
thorn
69
protects root as it goes in soil (in end of root)
root cap
70
one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
71
seed that is not covered by the wall of an ovary
gymnosperm
72
tiny, hair-like threads that act as roots of moss
rhizoids
73
the largest of the brown algae
kelp
74
any organism that uses both sexual and asexual reproduction
alternation of generations
75
smallest of the green,
chlorophyll containing organism
algae
76
a group of structures that function together as a unit to perform a definite job for the body
system
77
obtain their nutrition from dead organisms
saprophytes
78
the body’s defense against foreign invaders
immune system
79
give support and rigidity to the body while they protect vital organs and produce blood cells
skeletal system
80
allows for the continuation of the human race
reproductive system
81
attaches a muscle to a bone
tendon
82
non-living material that surrounds cells
matrix
83
tissues that join bones to other bones
ligaments
84
tough, rubbery connective tissue that cushions the joints between bone
cartilage
85
largest bone in the body
femur
86
most freely movable joint
ball and socket
87
tissue that manufactures red and white blood cells
red bone marrow
88
enlargement of muscles through use
hypertrophy
89
muscles found in heart
cardiac muscles
90
bones used for protection
flat bones
91
degradation of the muscles through use
atrophy
92
largest and strongest muscles of the body
gluteus maximus
93
cells that rarely reproduce
neurons
94
main organ on the nervous system
brain
95
what brain and spinal cord make up
central nervous system
96
inability of muscles to use
paralysis
97
disease characterized by tremors and stiffness
parkinson's disease
98
simplest act of the nervous system
reflex
99
controls the complex muscle movement
cerebellum
100
says that a person's actions can be explained through stimuli
behaviorism
101
organs of taste
tastebuds
102
nerve that connects nose to brain
olfactory nerve
103
nerve that connects eyes and brain
optic nerve
104
allow you to see color
cone cells
105
allow you to see shades of gray
rod cells
106
chemical processes of life
metabolism
107
most important energy-producing compounds in the cell
carbohydrates
108
molecules characterized by insolubility in water
lipids
109
building blocks of proteins
amino acids
110
organs that break and crush food
teeth
111
most common disease of man
cavity
112
rhythmic wave of muscular contractions that moves food through the digestive tract
peristalsis
113
primary organ of the digestive system
small intestine
114
hormone that signals the liver to remove glucose
insulin
115
infection of colon
dysentery
116
largest percentage of blood
plasma
117
when blood pressure falls to a critical low
circulatory shock
118
disorder resulting from too little oxygen being transported to body cells
anemia
119
blood cells that function as part of the immune system
white blood cells
120
universal donors
O- (o negative)
121
inability of blood to clot
hemophilia
122
universal recipients
AB+
123
most efficient pump
heart
124
the body’s largest artery
aorta
125
carry blood away from the heart
arteries
126
carry blood to the heart
veins
127
movement of blood between the heart and the lungs
pulmonary circulation (to lungs)
128
systemic circulation in which blood moves through the kidneys
renal circulation (to kidneys)
129
portion of systemic circulation in which blood moves to the liver
portal circulation (to liver)
130
high blood pressure
hypertension
131
microscopic, thin-walled structures that make up the tissue of the lungs
alveoli
132
most common respiratory disease
common cold
133
can occur in younger people and is far more dangerous that dementia
alzheimer's
