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10th grade biology > ch15 > Flashcards

ch15 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

the study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment

A

Ecology

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2
Q

the place where you find an organism

A

Habitat

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3
Q

true or false: No organism can be completely studied apart from its environment

A

true

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4
Q

very narrow range of things with life

A

Biosphere

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5
Q

air that has life

A

Atmosphere

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6
Q

land that has life

A

Lithosphere

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7
Q

water that has life

A

Hydrosphere

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8
Q

large geographic regions

A

Biomes

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9
Q

basic unit of ecology

A

Ecosystem

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10
Q

ecosystems of land

A

Terrestrial

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11
Q

ecosystems of water

A

Aquatic

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12
Q

all the living members of a ecosystem

A

Community

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13
Q

a group of organisms of the same species living in the same ecosystem

A

Population

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14
Q

any living thing; individual members of a population; smallest living unit of biosphere

A

Organism

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15
Q

an ecosystem’s ability to withstand and recover from changes

A

Stability

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16
Q

movements into an ecosystem

A

Immigration

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17
Q

movements out of an ecosystem

A

Emigration

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18
Q

the maximum population size that the ecosystem can currently support

A

Carrying capacity

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19
Q

if the population is above the carrying capacity

A

Overpopulation

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20
Q

the number and variety of species living within an ecosystem

A

Biodiversity

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21
Q

the sun provides all the basic energy of an ecosystem (abiotic factor)

A

Radiation

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22
Q

radiation that penetrates the atmosphere warms the Earth’s surface (abiotic factor)

A

Temperature

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23
Q

essential for life (abiotic factor)

A

Water

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24
Q

the availability of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor affects the survival of plants and animals in several ways (abiotic factor)

A

Atmosphere

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25
global wind patterns give rise to differences in temperature and rainfall at different latitudes of our planet (abiotic factor)
Wind
26
the type and quality in an area influences the kinds of plants that grow there (abiotic factor)
Soil
27
a range of values that is needed for the organism’s survival
Tolerance range
28
ideal range where the creature will thrive
Optimum range
29
any factor outside an organism’s tolerance range
Limiting factor
30
living factors within an ecosystem
Biotic factors
31
factors in the ecosystem are always changing while the ecosystem as a whole remains the same
Dynamic equilibrium
32
make their own food
Autotrophs
33
get their food from outside source
Heterotrophs
34
eat only herbs
Herbivores
35
eat only meat
Carnivores
36
eat meat and herbs
Omnivores
37
bacteria and fungi that feed on detritus by secreting enzymes that break it down into simpler molecules
Decomposers
38
first trophic level second trophic level third trophic level
Plants Herbivores Carnivores
39
a model used by ecologists to show the nutritional relationships among organisms in an eco­system
Food chain
40
herbivores, eat plants directly
Primary consumers
41
animals that eat herbivores
Secondary consumers
42
a model used by ecologists to show all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level
Food web
43
the function or “occupation” of a living thing
Niche
44
shows the energy transferred from one trophic level to the next
Energy pyramid
45
represents the total mass of living matter per unit area
Biomass pyramid
46
represents the number of organisms at each trophic level and shows that population size usually decreases at each higher trophic level
Number pyramid
47
a close relationship between two different species over a period of time
Symbiosis
48
a relationship in which both organisms benefit
Mutualism
49
a relationship between two organisms in which one, called the parasite, benefits while the other, called the host, is harmed
Parasitism
50
involves a predator-prey relation­ship
Predation
51
a relationship in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Commensalism
52
a relationship in which two organ­isms compete for the same limited resources
Competition
53
a relationship in which one organism inhibits another
Amensalism
54
organisms share an indirect relationship
Neutralism
55
a rela­tionship in which grazing animals feed on plants
Herbivory
56
Biogeochemical cycle; water moves from the soil and from the water surfaces of the earth
Hydrologic cycle
57
Atmospheric cycle; involving the movement of nitrogen from the air, into the soil, and back into the air
Nitrogen cycle
58
used to refer to the combination of a region’s climax vegetation and its animal populations
Climax community
59
characterized by permafrost and long harsh winters similar to arctic, doesn't have permafrost but has snow
Arctic tundra Alpine tundra
60
harsh winters, longer summer, no permafrost, dominate conifers
Northern coniferous forest
61
examples of Northern coniferous forest
Taiga Temperate rainforest Southern pine forest Boreal forest
61
deciduous trees, well defined seasons with cold winters and hot summer
Temperate deciduous forest
62
dominate vegetation is grass
Grassland
63
examples of Grassland
Prairies and plains Savannas Teppes Pampas
64
more water lost in evaporation then gained through rain
Deserts
65
example of Deserts
Sahara
66
year round growing season abundant rain
Tropical rainforest
67
example of Tropical rainforest
Arboreal
68
show great variations in temperature,dissolved nutrients,gases
Aquatic biomes
69
ecosystems associated with the ocean
Marine ecosystems
70
examples of Marine ecosystems
Estuary Coral reefs
71
the first organisms that colonize a disturbed ecosystem
Pioneer species
72
replacement of early pioneer species by later species in an orderly progression until the climax community is established
Ecological succession
73
starts with barren ground, like a volcano eruption
Primary
74
starts with ready soil and pioneer species, as in a burnt forest
Secondary
75
man’s authority
Dominion
76
what we do with other’s things
Stewardship
77
conserving natural resources ?
Conservation

10th grade biology (24 decks)

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