ch 8

Question 1

principle organ of nervous system

Answer 1

brain

Question 2

the part of the skull that provides a protective helmet for the brain

Answer 2

cranium

Question 3

a thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cavity

Answer 3

spinal cord

Question 4

transmit nerve signals to and from the rest of the body

Answer 4

spinal nerves

Question 5

triple layer of protective tissues (around brain and spinal cord)

Answer 5

Meninges

Question 6

branch directly from the brain stem and transmit nerve signals to and from the eyes, ears, mouth, face, and scalp

Answer 6

cranial nerves

Question 7

one of the strongest tissues of the body, serves primarily as a flexible protective layer

Answer 7

Dura mater

Question 8

composed of thin fibers that form an intricate three dimensional network around the brain

Answer 8

Arachnoid mater

Question 9

forms a delicate covering that rests directly against the brain and spinal cord

Answer 9

pia mater

Question 10

act as insulation

Answer 10

Glial cells

Question 11

the nerve cells themselves

Answer 11

Neurons

Question 12

contains a nucleus and most of the nerve cell’s cytoplasm

Answer 12

Cell body

Question 13

a short, branched extension of the cell that receives nerve impulses from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body

Answer 13

Dendrite

Question 14

a long extension that relays nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons.

Answer 14

Axon

Question 15

lack myelin

Answer 15

Gray matter

Question 16

white, specialized covering

Answer 16

myelin

Question 17

com­posed of axons and glial cells that are white because of their myelin content (contain myelin)

Answer 17

White matter

Question 18

masses of cell bodies

Answer 18

Ganglia

Question 19

a network of interconnected nerve fibers going to or from a region

Answer 19

Plexus

Question 20

branches to form the median nerve and other arm nerves

Answer 20

Brachial plexus

Question 21

A group of cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord

Answer 21

Nerve center

Question 22

Neurons that transmit information to the central nervous system from the senses of sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell

Answer 22

Sensory neurons

Question 23

Neurons that relay signals from the central nervous system to the other parts of the body; control muscles

Answer 23

Motor neurons

Question 24

the go between/link for sensory and motor neurons

Answer 24

Interneurons

Question 25

tightly sealed capillary walls

Answer 25

Blood brain barrier

Question 26

infection in meninges

Answer 26

Meningitis

Question 27

period of long unconsciousness

Answer 27

coma

Question 28

A serious disease that attacks the spinal cord

Answer 28

Polio

Question 29

consists of nerves

Answer 29

Peripheral nervous system

Question 30

bundles of nerve fibers branching from the brain and spinal cord

Answer 30

Nerves

Question 31

nerves branching directly from the brain

Answer 31

Cranial nerves

Question 32

nerves connected to the brain through the spi­nal cord

Answer 32

Spinal nerves

Question 33

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart and other internal organs

Answer 33

Autonomic nervous system

Question 34

causes heartbeat and breathing rates to increase

Answer 34

Sympathetic division

Question 35

acts as a balance to counteract the actions of the sympathetic division

Answer 35

Parasympathetic division

Question 36

controls the muscles of the forearm and the muscles and skin of the hand

Answer 36

Median nerve

Question 37

responsible for the process of nerve impulse conduc­tion

Answer 37

Nerve cells (neurons)

Question 38

true or false: neurons (nerve cells) rarely reproduce

Answer 38

true

Question 38

disease of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 38

MS

Question 39

produce layers of myelin sheathing that acts much like the insulation on an elec­trical wire

Answer 39

Schwann cells

Question 40

the inability of the muscles to move

Answer 40

Paralysis

Question 41

wave of electrical activity that is propagated by fast­-acting, voltage -sensing ion gates that quickly open and close, allowing sodium and potassium ions to briefly flow into and out of the cell

Answer 41

Action potential

Question 42

an enclosed junction between two neu­rons or a neuron and another cell

Answer 42

Synapse

Question 43

joining between neuron and muscle

Answer 43

Neuromuscular junction

Question 44

chemical signal

Answer 44

Neurotransmitter

Question 45

responsi­ble for the most deadly type of food poisoning

Answer 45

Botulinum toxin

Question 46

most deadly type of food poisoning

Answer 46

Botulism

Question 47

affects the patient’s control of posture and movement; it is characterized by tremors and stiffness of the limbs

Answer 47

Parkinson's disease

Question 48

simplest act of nervous system

Answer 48

reflex

Question 49

simplest nerve pathway

Answer 49

Reflex arc

Question 50

the upper part of the brain, coordinates thought, memory, and learned behavior

Answer 50

Cerebrum

Question 51

helps control balance and coordinate voluntary muscle activity

Answer 51

Cerebellum

Question 52

the part that connects to the spinal cord, controls the involuntary muscles and activities of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 52

Brain stem

Question 53

two parts of cerebrum divide into

Answer 53

Hemispheres

Question 54

a deep groove that splits hemispheres

Answer 54

Longitudinal fissure

Question 55

mass of nerve fibers; helps hemispheres communicate

Answer 55

Corpus callosum

Question 56

the outer layer of the cerebrum

Answer 56

Cerebral cortex

Question 57

correspond to the major bones of the cranium

Answer 57

Lobes

Question 58

analyze the senses on their respective sides of the body to allow us to feel sensations such as temperature, pressure, and pain and to make judgments about such things as shape and texture

Answer 58

Parietal

Question 58

The rear portion of the frontal lobes

Answer 58

Motor area

Question 59

associated with personality, judgment, and self control

Answer 59

Frontal lobe

Question 60

interprets sense of vision

Answer 60

Occipital lobe

Question 61

associated with the senses of hearing, taste, and smell

Answer 61

Temporal lobe

Question 62

Damage to the cerebral motor area before or shortly after birth

Answer 62

Cerebral palsy

Question 63

helps control balance and coordinate voluntary muscle activity; handles complex coordination

Answer 63

Cerebellum

Question 64

nerve fibers connecting the brain and spinal cord must pass through it

Answer 64

Brain stem

Question 65

monitors heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and other functions

Answer 65

Medulla

Question 66

allows your cerebrum to communicate with the cerebellum; the link between the cerebellum and cerebrum

Answer 66

Pons

Question 67

help coordinate the movements of both eyes

Answer 67

Midbrain

Question 68

serves as the “master switch” of the cerebrum

Answer 68

Reticular formation

Question 69

involved in coordinating the activity of the different parts of the brain

Answer 69

Limbic system

Question 70

acts like a switchboard, routing activation signals

Answer 70

Thalamus

Question 71

the control unit for the autonomic nervous system; responsible for emotion

Answer 71

Hypothalamus

Question 72

a person’s actions can be completely explained as responses to particular stimuli

Answer 72

Behaviorism

Question 73

true or false: The mind and physical brain are *not* the same thing

Answer 73

True; the mind and physical brain are different