9.1 - Motivation to Work (Cognitive theories)

Question 1

2 Cognitive theories

Answer 1

1. Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory
2. Vroom’s VIE (expectancy) theory

Question 2

Locke and Lathem opposes ___’s theory – which is based on

Answer 2

McClelland
internal motivators are largely unconscious

Question 3

Goal

Answer 3

desired result of a person’s work or effort

Question 4

Locke and Lathem’s theory

Answer 4

goal setting was a key motivator in getting people to work hard and improve their performance

specific goals –> higher levels of performance than vague goals

Question 5

4C F

Answer 5

Clarity - clear, specific
Challenge - relevant and felt stretched
Complexity - achievable
Commitment - understood and accepted
Feedback – needs to be positive and constructive

Question 6

SMART goals

Answer 6

specific
measurable
attainable
relevant
timescale

Question 7

Vroom’s VIE theory

Answer 7

potential costs and rewards play a role in motivation to work

Question 8

People will be motivated if the following conditions were met (4)

Answer 8

1. clear relationship between effort and performance
2. Favorable performance is rewarded
3. reward satisfies a need
4. desire to satisfy the need is strong enough to make the effort worthwhile

Question 9

Vroom Equation

Answer 9

Valence x Instrumentality x Expectancy = Motivation

Question 10

Expectancy

Answer 10

a state of hopefulness that an event or experience will happen

Question 11

Instrumentality (2)

Answer 11

perception of how much effort will be rewarded

and where they actually believe they will be given the award they’ve been offered

Question 12

Valence (2)

Answer 12

Percpetion of the strength or the size of the reward as well as the extetnt to which this reward is needed or wanted

Question 13

Equation theory

Answer 13

if one of them is low then motivation will be low