9.3 - Group Behaviour In Organisations (Induvidiual & Group Performace) Flashcards
(28 cards)
Define social facilitation
When people show increased performance or effort in the real or imagined presence of others
Define Social loafing
When people perform worse on a task in the presence of others than they would do alone
What is the drive theory?
When a person experiences increased internal motivation to reach a goal
What evaluation apprehension?
When a person experiences arousal from having an audience who they believe may evaluate their performance
Who coined the term Social Facilitation?
Allport (1920)
What are the 2 types of social facilitation? [2]
- Co action effect
- Audience effect
What is the co action effect?
Doing same task alongside others to encourage accountability and focus
(Eg. Athletes like runners training alongside each other)
What is the audience effect?
Facilitation what occurs in the presence of Passive observers
What is Social inhibition?
The presence of others leading to doing a worse job on a task, particularly if its the first time
What are the 3 factors thoughts to be involved in social facilitation [3]
- Cognitive Factors
- Affective factors
- Physiological factors
What are cognitive factors?
Real or implied presence of others during a task
What are affective factors
When others are present causing evaluation apprehension
What are physiological factors?
Drive theory
Primary drivers (eg. For survival)
Secondary drivers (eg. Learned)
What is the social impact theory (Latané 1981)
[2]
- Individual can be both a source and a target of social influence
- Exert or be subject to social pressure
What are the 3 rules of social impact?
- Social force
i=f(SIN) - Psycho-social law
- Divisions of impact
i=f(1/SIN)
What is the social force rule? [5]
i=f(SIN)
i = impact
f = multiplicative factor
S = strength, the power of the influencing person
I = Immediacy, how close and recent the influence is
N = the amount of influencing people
What is the Psycho-social law?
The first source of influence has the biggest effect on people
What is the divisions of impact rule? [3]
i=f(1/SIN)
- Social force is diffused across all the people it is directed at
- If it is directed at one person the pressure very high
Fill in the blank:
Social impact theory suggests that when individuals work together _____ ________ can be diffused across the group members. If there is insufficient supervision from the manager, the __________, ___________ and number of influencing people is reduced.This means pressure to perform well is _______, which can cause social _________ [6]
- Social influence
- Strength
- immediacy
- reduced
- Loafing
What is an individualistic culture? [2]
A culture in which personal goals are seems are more important than group goals
(Social loafing more likely to occur if person thinks their contributions are not recognized)
What is a collectivists culture?
A culture in which group goals are sees as more important than individual wants or needs
(Less likely to exhibits social loafing in ‘their’ group)
What did Earley (1993) investigate (the aim)?
The influence of culture, group membership and work performance in relation to social loafing
What was the sample from Earley (1993) study?
- Voulneteer sample
- 60 Chinese & 45 Israeli = collectivist culture
- 60 American = individualistic culture
Describe the study done by Earley (1993)
[6]
- Sort items in a inbox over an hour
- Work performance = correctly completed inbox items
- Each participant completed a self report scale
3 conditions:
1. Part of a group where collective performance would be assessed. Told they were grouped together as they were very similar (In-group)
2. Part of a group where collective performance would be assessed. Told they were grouped together as they were very different (Out-group)
3. Working alone and were told to write their name on the inbox
