Flashcards in 9.1 Plant Structure and Growth Deck (37):
1
Define Vascular plant
Vascular Plants have conductive tissues (a vascular system) for transporting water, minerals and nutrients throughout the plant
2
Describe the difference in number of cotyledons between monocotyledons and dicotyledons
Monocotyledons have one cotyledon; dicotyledons have two
3
Describe the difference in leaf shape between monocotyledons and dicotyledons
Monocotyledons have oblong or linear shaped leaves; dicotyledons have broad leaves
4
Describe the difference in leaf veins between monocotyledons and dicotyledons
Monocotyledons have parallel venation; dicotyledons have net-like venation
5
Describe the difference in root structure between monocotyledons and dicotyledons
Monocotyledons have fibrous, adventitious roots; dicotyledons have tap roots with lateral branches
6
Describe the difference in number of floral organs (petals) between monocotyledons and dicotyledons
Monocotyledons have them in multiples of 3; dicotyledons have them in multiples of 4 or 5
7
State the location of the phloem, and the importance of this
Found in middle of leaf, allowing for optimal access for all cells
8
State the function of the phloem
Transports the products of photosynthesis (sugars, amino acids) to the rest of the plant
9
State the location of the xylem, and the importance of this
Found in middle of leaf, allowing for optimal access for all cells
10
State the function of the xylem
Transports water and minerals into the leaf tissue from the stem and roots
11
State the location of the upper epidermis, and the importance of this
On top of leaf, where light intensity and heat are greatest
12
State the function of the upper epidermis
Secretes waxy cuticle which conserves water
13
State the location of the lower upper epidermis
Bottom of leaf
14
State the function of the lower epidermis
Contains stomata pores which allows for gas exchange, mainly CO2
15
State the location of the palisade mesophyll and the importance of this
Upper half of leaf where light intensity is greatest (upper epidermal cells are transparent)
16
State the function of the palisade mesophyll
Main region of photosynthesis; cells absorb light
17
State the location of the spongy mesophyll and the importance of this
Lower half of leaf, near stomatal pores where gases and water are exchanged with the atmosphere
18
State the function of the spongy mesophyll
Main site of gas exchange
19
State the location of the vascular bundles, and the importance of this
Middle of leaf, allowing for optimal access for all cells
20
State the function of the vascular bundles
Spread through the leaf like a network, providing support and transporting water and the products of photosynthesis
21
State the location of the stomata
Bottom of leaf
22
State the function of the stomata
Allows movement of gasses in and out of the leaf
23
Define Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified to store energy. They are usually found underground (better protection from herbivores).
24
State the function and give an example of storage roots
Modified roots which store water or food; carrots
25
State the function of and give an example of stem tubers
Horizontal underground stems which store carbohydrates; potatoes
26
State the function of and give an example of bulbs
Modified leaf bases which allow for food storage and contain layers called scales; onion
27
State the function of and give an example of tentrils
Modification to leafs which allow for climbing support and attachment; cucumber
28
Define meristems
Regions of plant tissue where undifferentiated cells undergo rapid cell division (mitosis), and therefore growth occurs.
29
State the two kinds of meristems which are found in dicots
Apical meristems and lateral meristems
30
State the location of apical meristems
Occur at the tips of the shoots and roots
31
State the location of lateral meristems
Formed from the cambium cells
32
Outline the function of apical meristems
Responsible for primary growth
Increases height/depth of plant
Produces new leaves and flowers
33
Outline the function of lateral meristems
Responsible for secondary growth
Increases girth of stem for strength
Produces bark on trees
34
Define tropism
Bending growth of a plant towards or away from a directional stimulus
35
Define phototropism
Bending growth of a plant towards a source of light
36
Define auxin
A group of substances that promote plant growth
37