Flashcards in 9.3 Reproduction in Angiospermophytes Deck (7)
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1
Define pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from the mature anther to the receptive stigma (usually of another plant) often facilitated by animals, wind or water movement
2
Define fertilisation
Fusion of the male gamete in the pollen grain with the female gamete in the ovule to form a zygote
3
Outline seed dispersal
Fertilised ovules form seeds which move away from the parental plant before germination, reducing competition for resources. Seed dispersal mechanisms include fruit, wind, water and animals
4
Define germination
The process by which a seed emerges from a period of dormancy and starts to sprout
5
Outline three factors which a seed requires for germination
• Temperature for the optimal function of enzymes
• Oxygen for aerobic respiration (seed needs ATP to grow)
• Water to metabolically activate the cells
(TOW)
6
Outline the metabolic processes during germination of a starchy seed
• Water is absorbed, which causes the formation of gibberellin in the embryo's cotyledon
• Gibberellin stimulates the production of amylase, which catalyses the breakdown of starch to maltose
• Maltose is transported to the embryo, where it is either hydrolysed to glucose (for energy) or polymerised to cellulose (for cell wall formation)
7