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MBBS - Year 1 > Anatomy - Nerves Of Lower Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy - Nerves Of Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatome

A

Areas of skin innervated by a single spinal neve root

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2
Q

Myotome

A

Group of muscles, or parts there of, that is innervated by a single spinal nerve root

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3
Q

Nerve root

A

Connects PNS to CNS

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4
Q

How do rami link to spinal cord

A

Via rootlets

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5
Q

Ventral ramus

A

Connects anteriorly

Usually forms peripheral nerves

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6
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

Connects posteriorly

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7
Q

Lumborsacral plexus

A

Nerves supplying lower limb

Combination of lumbar plexus and sacral plexus

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8
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

Ventral rami of L1-5

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9
Q

Sacral plexus

A

Lumbar sacral trunk (L4 & 5)

Ventral rami of S1-3

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10
Q

Nerve roots of femoral nerve

A

L2,3,4

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11
Q

Which compartment does the femoral nerve innovate

A

Anterior compartment of the thigh

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12
Q

Muscles innervated by the femoral nerve

A

Quadriceps
Sartorius
Pectineus

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13
Q

Skin innervated by the femoral nerve

A

Anterior thigh

Medial aspect of leg and foot (branches into saphenous nerve)

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14
Q

Nerve roots of obturator nerve

A

L2,3

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15
Q

Which compartment does the obturator nerve innervate

A

Medial compartment of the thigh

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16
Q

Muscles innervated by the obturator nerve

A

Adductors - except pectineus and posterior part of adductor magnus

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17
Q

Skin innervated by obturator nerve

A

Medial thigh

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18
Q

Biggest nerve in the body

A

Sciatic nerve

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19
Q

Nerve roots attached to sciatic nerve

A

L4,5, S1,2,3

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20
Q

Components of the sciatic nerve

A

Tibial

Common peroneal

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21
Q

Nerve roots attached to tibial nerve

A

L4,5, S1, 2,3

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22
Q

Muscles innervated by sciatic nerve

A

Hamstrings

Posterior portion of adductor magnus

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23
Q

Skin innervated by sciatic nerve

A

Everything below the knee except the skin on the medial leg

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24
Q

Muscles innervated by the tibial nerve

A

Muscles found in posterior thigh and posterior leg compartment

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25
Q

Skin innervated by tibial nerve

A

Posterior leg

Sole of foot (sural nerve)

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26
Q

Nerve roots attached to common peroneal nerve

A

L4,5, S1, 2

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27
Q

Divisions of common peroneal nerve

A

Deep

Superficial

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28
Q

Which compartment is innervated by the superficial branch of the common peroneal nerve

A

Lateral leg

Carries L5 nerve root

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29
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the superficial branch of the common peroneal nerve

A

Peroneal muscles

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30
Q

Which skin is innervated by the superficial branch of the common peroneal nerve

A

Skin on lateral leg

Dorsum of foot

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31
Q

Which compartment (and muscles) is innervated by the deep branch of the common peroneal nerve

A

Anterior leg

32
Q

Which skin is innervated by the deep branch of the common peroneal nerve

A

1st web space

33
Q

Gluteal nerves

A

Only involved in motor

Superior + inferior

34
Q

Innervation by superior gluteal nerve

A

Abductors - gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae
Causes +ve trendelenburg sign if damaged

35
Q

Nerve roots attached to superior gluteal nerve

A

L4,5, S1, 2

36
Q

Innervation by inferior gluteal nerve

A

Gluteus maximus

Carries S1 nerve root and is used when extending the hip from a flexed position eg raising from a chair

37
Q

Nerve roots attached to inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5, S1, 2

38
Q

Commonest nerve root injuries

A

L4, 5 as they pass through areas allowing greatest level of flexion, pressure put on intervertebral disc ——-> prolapse

39
Q

Loss of function if sciatic nerve was compressed

A

Innervation to posterior thigh and all muscles of the leg
Weakened hip extension
Absent knee flexion
Unable to move ankle and foot

40
Q

How do you test which nerve root is damaged

A

Testing sensory innervation of skin

41
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

7 but 8 nerves

42
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

12

43
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

5

44
Q

Sacral vertebrae

A

5 - all fused together

45
Q

Caudal (cocageal) vertebrae

A

4-all fused together

46
Q

Nerve roots supplying hip extension

A

L2, 3

47
Q

Nerve roots supplying hip flexion

A

L4, 5

48
Q

Nerve roots supplying knee extension

A

L3, 4

49
Q

Nerve roots supplying knee flexion

A

L5, S1

50
Q

Nerve roots supplying ankle flexion

A

L4,5

51
Q

Nerve roots supplying ankle extension

A

S1,2

52
Q

Nerve roots supplying ankle inversion

A

L4,5

53
Q

Nerve roots supplying ankle eversion

A

L5, S1

54
Q

Nerve roots supplying lateral rotation

A

L5,S1

55
Q

Nerve roots supplying medial rotation

A

L1,2,3

56
Q

Nerve roots supplying adduction

A

L1,2,3

57
Q

Nerve roots supplying abduction

A

L5,S1

58
Q

Nerve roots supplying toe extension/ flexion

A

L5

59
Q

Plexus

A

Network of nerves derived from nerve roots

60
Q

Why do we have plexuses

A

Allows multiple nerve roots to enter a single peripheral nerve

61
Q

Anterior nerves

A

Nerve to psoas
Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve

62
Q

Nerve to psoas

A

Small branch passing directly from lumbar plexus to psoas major

63
Q

Posterior nerves

A

Pass posteriorly through greater sciatic foramen

Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Sciatic nerve

64
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the ankle jerk reflex

A

Tibial nerve - carries nerve root S1

65
Q

Typical mechanism of injury for femoral nerve

A

Hip and pelvic fractures

Stab/gunshot wounds

66
Q

Typical mechanism of injury for obturator nerve

A

Anterior hip dislocation

Loss of adduction

67
Q

Typical mechanism of injury for tibial nerve

A

Not commonly injured
Popliteal lacerations
Posterior knee dislocation

68
Q

Typical mechanism of injury for common peroneal nerve

A

Neck of fibula injury
Tightly applied lower limb plaster cast

Injury causes foot drop

69
Q

Typical mechanism of injury for superior gluteal nerve

A

Misplaced intramuscular injection
Hip surgery
Pelvic fracture
Posterior hip dislocation

70
Q

What does injury of superior gluteal muscle cause

A

+ve Trendelendburg sign

71
Q

Typical mechanism of injury for inferior gluteal nerve

A

Usually injured with sciatic nerve

72
Q

What does an injury of the inferior gluteal nerve result in

A

Difficulty rising from seated position
Can’t jump
Can’t climb stairs

73
Q

Loss of function due to tibial nerve injury

A

Plantarflexion

Foot inversion

74
Q

Typical presentation of upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5, C6) injury

A

The arm is adducted and internally rotated, elbow extended

Usually seen in babies through forceps delivery

75
Q

Meralgia paraesthetica

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is trapped beneath the inguinal ligament
Obesity is a risk factor
A numb, burning area on the anterolateral aspect of thigh and on examination there is increased sensitivity to touch

MBBS - Year 1 (93 decks)

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