EEMB: Animals - Vertebrates Flashcards

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1
Q

Major characteristics of verterbrates

A
Dorsal nervous system
internal skeleton
vertebral column
organs in a ceolom
circulatory system
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2
Q

T/F: True powered flight evolved in the winged insects

A

FALSE - it started happening in vertebrates

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3
Q

What separates the vertebrates from other chordates?

A

spinal column

cranium

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4
Q

First jaws appear in what class? What did it develop from?

A

placoderm (placodermi)

modification of gill arches

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5
Q

What period was age of the fishes?

A

Devonian period

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6
Q

What other fishes evolved during the Devonian period with the placoderms

A

ray-finned fishes

lobe-ray fishes

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7
Q

Class Chondrichthyes include what animals?

A

sharks

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8
Q

The skeleton of chondrichthyes are composed of what? This means the lack true bone.

A

cartilage

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9
Q

The bony fish are class

A

osteichthys

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10
Q

T/F: bone is a living tissue

A

True

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11
Q

Evolutionary structure that helps with swimming in osteichthys

A

swim bladder

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12
Q

The swim bladder has many fucntions (list them in your head) but now its main function is there for _______

A

neutral buoyancy

other functions: respiration, hearing, etc.

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13
Q

How did vertebrates colonize land? Which were the first animals to get such characteristics

A

Swim bladder as primitive lung
Developed jointed appendages

lungfish
Coelocanths

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14
Q

Tetrapods describe what type of animals

A

4 limb animals (mainly terrestrial)

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15
Q

What the 4 classes of tetrapods?

A

amphibians
reptiles
aves
mammals

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16
Q

Characteristics of amphibia

A

land and water

breath through skin and lungs

17
Q

Adaptations to the challenges on land include a modified _____, what type of skin? and _____ to concentrate urine

A

modified egg (amniote egg)

water-tight skin

kidneys

18
Q

What class was the (first?) successful amniote lineage

A

Reptiles

19
Q

Class aves are the

A

birds

20
Q

Aves evolved from what lineage?

A

dinosaurs

21
Q

Describe the heart of the reptiles

A

4 chambered incomplete heart

22
Q

Describe specializations for flight in class aves

A

feathers
light hollow bones
one-way breathing system
flight muscles attached to breast bone

23
Q

What was modified into feathers?

A

scales

24
Q

The fantastic example of convergent evolution

A

Wings - bats, birds, dinos

25
Q

First vertebrates to gain flights

A

Pterosaurs

26
Q

the two hypothesis to flgiht

A

“ground up”

“trees down”

27
Q

What is homeothermy

A

warm-blooded

28
Q

T/F: Homeothermy first evolved in mammals

A

True

29
Q

Features of mammals

A

mammary/sweat glands
hair
complete 4 chambered heart

30
Q

3 major groups of mammals

A

Eutheria (placental)
Marsupials (pouched)
Monotremes (egg laying)

31
Q

The secondary invaders of the sea

A

marine mamals - weddell seal

32
Q

The champion divers of the antartic

A

Weddell seal!