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College Biology & Ecology II > Rocky Intertidal Zones > Flashcards

Rocky Intertidal Zones Flashcards

0
Q

What is the extent of the intertidal zone?

A

Between the highest tide and the lowest tide

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1
Q

The intertidal zone can also be referred to as the

A

Littoral zone

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3
Q

List the physical factors of the intertidal zone

A

GREAT

Geology
Range
Exposure
Aspect (wind & sun)
Topography
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4
Q

What is exposure in terms of tidal zones

A

amount of energy the shore is “exposed” to

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5
Q

What does the geology factor attain to in the littoral zone?

A

The type of rock/sediment that the area is mainly composed of

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6
Q

Describe sandstone in terms of littoral zones

A

Intermediate erosion, high diversity

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7
Q

Describe granite in terms of littoral zones

A

Not easliy eroded (rounded boulder shores) , low diversity

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8
Q

Describe limestone in terms of littoral zones

A

Lots of erosion (soluble:shores are angular and jagged) animals and plants in the area can produce acids that bore into the stone

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9
Q

Explain the significance of the equinox in terms of tides.

A

Fastest rate of change in tide between day legths

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10
Q

What is Ballantines scale?

A

Shows something

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11
Q

What is aspect?

A

Generally orientation to the sun
Sunny side= high sun exposure = dessication = low animal abundance
Shady side= more mositure = more animals

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12
Q

What topographical structure protects the south side of Straddie from wave action?

A

A reef crest

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13
Q

List the types of habitat in rocky intertidal zones

A

USB PC

Under rocks
Surface
Bores
Pools
Crevices
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14
Q

Competition is most high in which habitat?

A

Surface

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15
Q

Which areas to animals live more higher up in the intertidal zone?

A

crevices and under rocks and bores

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16
Q

What are the physiological challenges for animals in the intertidal zone? (4 things)

A

THODS

Thermal stress
Hypoxia
Osmotic Stress
Desiccation
Sunburn
17
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

tolerance to oxygen loss- salty water doesnt hold much oxygen (causes clamping in bivalves other shelled animasl)

18
Q

What is osmotic stress?

A

When the evaporating water turns the water too salty

19
Q

List the (4) biological challenges to organisms in the intertidal zone

A

CPRR

Competition
Predation
Recruitment
Reproduction

20
Q

The most type of competition that goes on in intertidal zones is competition for ____

A

space

21
Q

Describe Zonation

A

due to both biotic abiotic factors certain species are limited to certain “zones” (vertical and horizontal)

22
Q

The upper limit of the intertidal zone is set by what?

A

Abiotic factors (dessication, composition)

23
Q

The lower limit of the intertidal zone is set by what?

A

Biotic factors (predation, competition)

24
Q

Describe the littoral fringe & upper littoral (5 things)

A

-above high tide mark (more on land, out of the “splash zone”)
-organisms more adapted to air
-barren
-more terrestrial predators
-preferred by plants and algae
(periwinkles dominate)

25
Q

Describe the mid littoral zone (3 things)

A
  • regularly immersed/emersed
  • More sessile organisms up top (barnacles)
  • grazing area
26
Q

What are the keystone predators in the mid littoral zone

A

whelks and crabs

27
Q

Why is intermediate disturbance important in the environment?

A

It keeps the status quo in spp diversity

no dist. = sp dominance; lots of dist. then nothing really survives

28
Q

What dominates the lower littoral zone?

A

macroalgae

29
Q

Where do benthic (ground) mobile organisms usually reside?

A

lower littoral zone (anemones, sea slugs, sea stars)

30
Q

Why is grazing important in the lower littoral zone?

A

it mediates competition for space between macroalgae (seaweeds compete for overgrowth)

31
Q

List 4 categories of adaptation

A

BACH

Behaviour
Armour
Clamps
Hydrodynamics

32
Q

Eurythermal means

A

adaptable to many temperatures

33
Q

Adaptations for dessication

A

Mucus seals - over the shell entrance
Coping - may survive for a bit untill water comes
Mobile homes

College Biology & Ecology II (21 decks)

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