EEMB: Animals - Vertebrates

Question 1

Major characteristics of verterbrates

Answer 1

Dorsal nervous system
internal skeleton
vertebral column
organs in a ceolom
circulatory system

Question 2

T/F: True powered flight evolved in the winged insects

Answer 2

FALSE - it started happening in vertebrates

Question 3

What separates the vertebrates from other chordates?

Answer 3

spinal column

cranium

Question 4

First jaws appear in what class? What did it develop from?

Answer 4

placoderm (placodermi)

modification of gill arches

Question 5

What period was age of the fishes?

Answer 5

Devonian period

Question 6

What other fishes evolved during the Devonian period with the placoderms

Answer 6

ray-finned fishes

lobe-ray fishes

Question 7

Class Chondrichthyes include what animals?

Answer 7

sharks

Question 8

The skeleton of chondrichthyes are composed of what? This means the lack true bone.

Answer 8

cartilage

Question 9

The bony fish are class

Answer 9

osteichthys

Question 10

T/F: bone is a living tissue

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Evolutionary structure that helps with swimming in osteichthys

Answer 11

swim bladder

Question 12

The swim bladder has many fucntions (list them in your head) but now its main function is there for _______

Answer 12

neutral buoyancy

other functions: respiration, hearing, etc.

Question 13

How did vertebrates colonize land? Which were the first animals to get such characteristics

Answer 13

Swim bladder as primitive lung
Developed jointed appendages

lungfish
Coelocanths

Question 14

Tetrapods describe what type of animals

Answer 14

4 limb animals (mainly terrestrial)

Question 15

What the 4 classes of tetrapods?

Answer 15

amphibians
reptiles
aves
mammals

Question 16

Characteristics of amphibia

Answer 16

land and water

breath through skin and lungs

Question 17

Adaptations to the challenges on land include a modified _____, what type of skin? and _____ to concentrate urine

Answer 17

modified egg (amniote egg)

water-tight skin

kidneys

Question 18

What class was the (first?) successful amniote lineage

Answer 18

Reptiles

Question 19

Class aves are the

Answer 19

birds

Question 20

Aves evolved from what lineage?

Answer 20

dinosaurs

Question 21

Describe the heart of the reptiles

Answer 21

4 chambered incomplete heart

Question 22

Describe specializations for flight in class aves

Answer 22

feathers
light hollow bones
one-way breathing system
flight muscles attached to breast bone

Question 23

What was modified into feathers?

Answer 23

scales

Question 24

The fantastic example of convergent evolution

Answer 24

Wings - bats, birds, dinos

Question 25

First vertebrates to gain flights

Answer 25

Pterosaurs

Question 26

the two hypothesis to flgiht

Answer 26

“ground up”

“trees down”

Question 27

What is homeothermy

Answer 27

warm-blooded

Question 28

T/F: Homeothermy first evolved in mammals

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Features of mammals

Answer 29

mammary/sweat glands
hair
complete 4 chambered heart

Question 30

3 major groups of mammals

Answer 30

Eutheria (placental)
Marsupials (pouched)
Monotremes (egg laying)

Question 31

The secondary invaders of the sea

Answer 31

marine mamals - weddell seal

Question 32

The champion divers of the antartic

Answer 32

Weddell seal!