Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

College Biology & Ecology II > UQ Marine Bio > Flashcards

UQ Marine Bio Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: All oceans are connected and in constant ciruclation

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 3 barriers to water exchange

A

Salinity
Temperature
Depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does pelagic zone refer to?

A

Basic water column in the ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does benthic zone refer to?

A

the lowest level of a body of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: australia has large continental shelves that support growth of marine ecosystems (i.e. coral reefs)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Surface circulation are driven by winds that are deflected by ____

A

the rotation of the earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the two CCW gyres of straya

A

East aussie current EAC

Leeuwin current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the EAC drag to australia? What happens to it eventually?

A

It drags warm wair (warm water) and then it eventaully pinches off into warm water eddies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the waters of eddies (made by the EAC)

A

clear warm water that is low in nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the Leeuwin current flow and what does it do?

A

Western Australia and brings warm water down past Perth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How deep is the photic zone?

A

about 200 meters deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 mechanisms for wave creation

A

gravity (tides)
wind
seismic (tsunami)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Size range for sand

A

2 mm to 62.5 microns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 mechanisms for sediment transport in the water column

A

suspension (light particles in water)
bouncing/saltation
rolling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe longshore transport of sand (in near-shore currents)

A 
tide rolls in
pulls sand out
rolls in again little farther down
deposits previous sand
(all in direction of the wind down the shore)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sediment composition (mix) depends on what 2 factors?

A

current velocity

wave energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does sediment influence water?

A 
Movement of water
chemical interactions (ie. burrowing, bioturbation, binding, baffling)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F: Reef sediments are a mix of abiotic and biogenic deposits

A

FALSE - completely biogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does the cyclic immersion and emersion influence organisms?

A

influences feeding and reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In respect to orientations of the moon/sun, what position are they in a spring tide? in a neap tide?

A 
spring = sun/moon lined up with each other
neap = moon and sun make a right angle with Earth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the groups related to these terms:
microalgae
macroalgae
angiosperms (3)

A

phytoplankton
seaweed
3: seagrasses, mangroves, saltmarshes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is primary productivity?

A

rate at which photosynthesis performs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gross primary productivity =

Net photosynthesis =

A

total photosynthesis

photosynthesis - respiration (light rxn-dark rxn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the most abundant microalgae? (common and scientific name). What percent of the worlds primary productivity do they have?

A

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)

20-25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the two shapes of diatoms?

A

Pennate (plane-based: rod like) and centric (orb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where do the pennate diatoms reside? Centric?

A

Benthic pennate

pelagic centric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Group responsible for red tides and also symbiotic relationships with anemone/coral

A

Dinoflagellates (Dinophyta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are rhodophyta and where do they reside?

A

Red macroalgae

Predominantly marine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the importance of Rhodophytes?

A
  • source of food (Nori)
  • high vitamin/protein content
  • easy cultivation
  • has many uses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

T/F: Rhodophytes (corralines) only play a small role in reef buidling

A

FALSE- some places have high rhodophyte contribtuion

31
Q

Algae that uses float bulbs and holdfasts (common and scientific name)

A

Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)

32
Q

The most diverse of all algae

A

Chlorophyta (green algae)

33
Q

T/F: Seagrasses have a week xylem and phloem

A

True

34
Q

Since seagrasses are rooted in anoxic sidements what do seagrasses do to transport O2 from the surface?

A

Use aerenchyma (spaces within leaves and stem)

35
Q

Seagrasses inhabit ___ and ___ regions

A

tropic and temerate

36
Q

Mangroves are found mainly in ___ regions

A

tropical

37
Q

What type of plants are mangroves and what kind of soil do they grow in?

A

Halophytes in anoxic soils

38
Q

Why is mangrove soil anoxic?

A

It is constantly waterlogged so no air spaces for roots to respire

39
Q

How do mangroves get over the repsiration barrier in anoxic soils?

A

Aerenchyma

Pneumatophores (roots that stick up out of the soil)

40
Q

How do mangroves deal with the salty water when transpiring?

A
  • exclude salt while absorbing water
  • squeezes out salt through leaves
  • osmoregulation
41
Q

look at salt masrh plants

A

ifesiodfs

42
Q

Salt marshes dominate what areas of marine/aquatic communities

A

Intertidal regions (protected) in the temperate zones

43
Q

What is the overall conditions salt-water plants have to adapt to?

A

anoxic sediments

high salt environments

44
Q

What was the earliest known chordate

A

Pikaia from pre-cambrian period

45
Q

The Devonian period is referred to the age of what?

A

Age of Fishes

46
Q

Agnathans are what type of organims?

A

Jawless fishes

47
Q

What does extant mean?

A

existing today

48
Q

What are the 2 extant agnathans?

A

hagfish

lamprey

49
Q

What are Gnathostomata?

A

Jawed vertebrates

50
Q

3 evolutionary trends in Agnathans?

A
  • increased motility
  • stabilizers (pectoral paddles)
  • reduced armour
51
Q

Early fishes were simple but then were replaced by advanced ones like the Placoderm which developed ___

A

a second pair of derived fins

52
Q

What are Chondrichthyans?

A

Cartilage fish

53
Q

What are elasmobranchs?

A

Sharks and rays (think elastic- cartilage bone)

54
Q

What are Holocephalans?

A

Chimaeras

55
Q

What is a rostrum?

A

anatomically the “beak” of something

56
Q

Name some physiological/morphological evolutionary trends of sharks?

A

development of rostrum or “beack”

  • cartilage material bones
  • simpler scales
  • head/jaw mobility (cranial kinesis)
57
Q

What are acanthodians?

A

spiny sharks

58
Q

What are Osteichthyes

A

bony fish

59
Q

Endochondral means having skeletal system consisting of _____

A

bone

60
Q

In bony fish what is a major evolutionary trait?

A

Swim bladder and lungs

-dorsal movement and connection with gut lost

61
Q

What group of animals still have the gut and swim bladder connected?

A

Physostomus

62
Q

What group of animals have the swim bladder separate from the gut?

A

Physoclistous

think “clippped” connection

63
Q

What does oligotrophic mean?

A

Low nutrient waters

64
Q

What are isobaths

A

lines that join areas of equal depth

65
Q

What is a propagule

A

things floating around in water (mangrove seeds, larvae, etc)

66
Q

What are isotherms

A

lines of equal temperature

67
Q

What is the Indonesian Flowthrough?

A

The main north current

68
Q

What is the Torres Strait?

A

A relatively shallow lane of water that lies inbetween northern Aussie and New Guinea

69
Q

Being in the southern hermisphere in 30 latitude Aussie is in a sense ___ from Antartica and the antartic circumpolar current

A

Insulated

70
Q

What is the condition in the middle of the gyes?

A

light heat/warm water and high salinity (low nutrients probably)

71
Q

Rock sand is composed of

A

silicate

72
Q

Bio sand is composed of

A

calcium carbonate

73
Q

The oxygenation of sediment depends on

A

the density of the sediment

clay needs high velocity sandstone doesnt

74
Q

Mud is composed of ____ setttling out

A

very fine particles settling out

College Biology & Ecology II (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions