TERMS Flashcards
common, characterized by involvement of skeleton at multiple sites
M>F; typically in older individuals(50-60 year olds)*
monocytic, megakaryocytic or erythrocytic markers
Proliferation/survivalseems to be dependent on several cytokines, especially IL-6*
Ig genes in myeloma cells always show evidence of somatichypermutation*
Ig heavy-chain gene
Multifocal destructive bone lesions – “punched out”- defects
Plasma cells usually constitute >30% of the cells of the bone marrow (need 10% for diagnosis)
Infiltration of organs, especially bone, Production of excessive Ig, Suppression of normal humoral immunity
Monoclonal gammopathy
- M protein
- Renal involvement in up to 50%
Multiple Myeloma
(WaldenstromMacroglobulinemia)
bony erosions NOT seen
IgM
- hyperviscosity*
- Visual impairment
- Neurological problems
- Bleeding
- Cryoglobinemia (cold reacting immunoglobulins)
Prognosis: incurable progressive disease
▪ Plasmaphoresis to remove IgM
▪ Median survival: 4 years
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
