A&P Chapter 12

Question 1

A bacterial infection of the urethra

Answer 1

Urethritis

Question 2

The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine

Answer 2

Urinary System

Question 3

U-shaped portion of the renal tubule that extends from the proximal to the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 3

Loop of Henle

Question 4

The structure of the kidney that supplies blood to the glomerulus

Answer 4

Afferent Arteriole

Question 5

One of three parts of the male urethra; it extends from the prostate gland to the base of the penis

Answer 5

Membranous Urethra

Question 6

The blood vessel connecting the kidneys to the inferior vena cava

Answer 6

Renal Vein

Question 7

One of two complex sections of a nephron; it includes an enlargement at the end called the glomerular capsule

Answer 7

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Question 8

The structural and functional units of the kidney that form urine, composed of the glomerulus, the glomerular capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 8

Nephrons

Question 9

One of many complex, interconnected capillary networks that branch off of efferent arterioles

Answer 9

Peritubular Capillary

Question 10

Two retroperitoneal organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate the body’s salt and water content

Answer 10

Kidneys

Question 11

A procedure in which an artificial kidney external to the body is used to purify the blood

Answer 11

Hemodialysis

Question 12

A funnel-shaped sac inside the renal sinus that is subdivided into major and minor calyces (tubes)

Answer 12

Renal Pelvis

Question 13

The final product of tubular reabsorption and secretion; it is a clear, yellow fluid that carries wastes out of the body

Answer 13

Urine

Question 14

In females, a small, cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves located at the anterior junction of the labia minora, similar to the glans penis of the male

Answer 14

Clitoris

Question 15

The rate at which blood is filtered through the glomerula

Answer 15

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Question 16

The initial-filtering component of the nephron

Answer 16

Renal Corpuscle

Question 17

A canal in a female reproductive system extending from the uterus to the external orifice. It allows for the discharge of menstrual flow, receives the penis during sexual intercourse, and serves as the birth canal

Answer 17

Vagina

Question 18

A sac-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus, from which it receives filtered fluid

Answer 18

Glomerular Capsule

Question 19

Cavity formed by the hilum that is filled with fat and connective tissue

Answer 19

Renal Sinus

Question 20

The process that moves substances from the blood in the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule

Answer 20

Tubular Secretion

Question 21

Solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney that may become trapped anywhere along the urinary tract

Answer 21

Kidney Stones

Question 22

Structure formed at the site where the efferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule meet; also called a juxtaglomerular complex; plays an important role in regulating fluid balance

Answer 22

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Question 23

The narrow opening at the end of the male urethra

Answer 23

External Urethral Orifice

Question 24

The portion of the nephron containing the tubular fluid filtered through the glomerulus

Answer 24

Renal Tubule

Question 25

Structure of the kidney that drains blood from the glomerulus

Answer 25

Efferent Arteriole

Question 26

Inflammation of the kidney linings

Answer 26

Pyelonephritis

Question 27

One of two complex sections of a nephron; it empties urine into a collection duct that then carries it to the calyces

Answer 27

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 28

The process that moves substances from the tubular fluid into the blood, within the peritubular capillary

Answer 28

Tubular Reabsorption

Question 29

An infection of the urethra caused by organisms of the Chlamydia family

Answer 29

Nonspecific Nongonococcal Urethritis

Question 30

A tangled cluster of blood capillaries that comprises a renal corpuscle

Answer 30

Glomerulus

Question 31

The tips of each renal pyramid, which extends into the medulla and are encircled by the opening of a minor calyx

Answer 31

Renal Papillae

Question 32

Surrounding the neck of the bladder to form the internal urethral sphincter, this muscle functions in the micturition reflex

Answer 32

Detrusor Muscle

Question 33

A complete obstruction of urinary flow sometimes caused by enlargement of the prostate gland

Answer 33

Acute Urinary Retention

Question 34

A bacterial infection of the bladder and its urinary contents

Answer 34

Cystitis

Question 35

A series of peritubular capillaries that surround the loop of Henle, into which water moves after passing through the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle

Answer 35

Vasa Recta

Question 36

The outer portion of each kidney; it forms renal columns and has tiny tubules associated with the nephrons

Answer 36

Renal Cortex

Question 37

Loss of kidney function that occurs secondary to injury or illness

Answer 37

Renal Failure

Question 38

Urination; the process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder

Answer 38

Micturition

Question 39

A pair of thick-walled, hollow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Answer 39

Ureters

Question 40

System located in the kidney that helps to regulate fluid balance and blood pressure

Answer 40

Renin-Angiotensin System

Question 41

Parallel cone-shaped bundles of urine-collecting tubules that are located in the medulla of the kidneys

Answer 41

Renal Pyramids

Question 42

One of the three parts of the male urethra; it lies within the corpus spongiosum of the penis and terminates at the external urethral orifice

Answer 42

Spongy Urethra

Question 43

A group of cells located in the afferent arterioles of the glomerulus that play a part in regulating the volume status of the body

Answer 43

Juxtaglomerular Cells

Question 44

The vessels that supply the kidneys with blood; they arise from the abdominal aorta

Answer 44

Renal Arteries

Question 45

A hollow, muscular sac in the midline of the lower abdominal area that stores urine until it is excreted

Answer 45

Urinary Bladder

Question 46

A process by which the body produces either concentrated or dilute urine, depending on the body's needs

Answer 46

Countercurrent Multiplier Mechanism

Question 47

A hormone produced by cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus when the blood pressure is low

Answer 47

Renin

Question 48

Large urinary tubes that enter the renal pelvis from kidney tissue

Answer 48

Calyces

Question 49

Specialized tubular cells in the juxtaglomerular area that play a part in regulating the volume status of the body

Answer 49

Macula Densa

Question 50

One of the three parts of the male urethra; it travels through the prostate gland

Answer 50

Prostatic Urethra

Question 51

The laboratory evaluation of urine

Answer 51

Urinalysis

Question 52

A form of kinin that plays a role in blood pressure maintenance by causing vasoconstriction and sympathetic activation and by stimulating the adrenal gland to increase the production of aldosterone

Answer 52

Angiotensin II

Question 53

A small gland that surrounds the male urethra at the section where emerges from the urinary bladder; it secretes an alkaline viscid ejaculatory fluid

Answer 53

Prostate Gland

Question 54

A condition characterized by the presence of a kidney stone

Answer 54

Urolithiasis

Question 55

The process that initiates urine formation

Answer 55

Glomerular Filtration

Question 56

The inner portion of each kidney; it is made of conical renal pyramids and has striations

Answer 56

Renal Medulla

Question 57

A hollow, tubular structure that drains urine from the bladder to outside of the body

Answer 57

Urethra