A&P Chapter 7

Question 1

A passive circulatory system that transports a plasma-like liquid called lymph, a thin fluid that bathes the tissues of the body

Answer 1

Lymphatic System

Question 2

A naturally occuring hormone that also may be given as a cardiac drug and has alpha and beta effects; also called epinephrine

Answer 2

Adrenaline

Question 3

A disease that is caused by infection or one that is capable of being transmitted to another person with or without direct contact

Answer 3

Infectious Disease

Question 4

One of two great lymph vessels; it empties into the superior vena cava

Answer 4

Thoracic Duct

Question 5

Thin-walled vessels through which lymph circulates in the body, they travel close to the major arteries and veins

Answer 5

Lymphatic Vessels

Question 6

Tiny tubes formed from lymphatic capillaries that merge to form larger vessels

Answer 6

Lymphatic Pathways

Question 7

An immune response that is predictable each time the body is exposed to a particular challenge. One that protects the body from pathogens involving mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, fever, or species resistance

Answer 7

Innate (Nonspecific) Defense

Question 8

An abnormal immune response in which the body attacks its own tissues

Answer 8

Autoimmunity

Question 9

One of three sets of lymphatic organs that comprise the tonsils. They are located in the back of the throat, on each side of the posterior opening of the oral cavity, and help protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and throat

Answer 9

Palatine Tonsils

Question 10

A substance that normally does not stimulate an immune response but can be combined with an antigen and at a later point initiate an antibody response; found in certain drugs, dust particles, animal dander, and various chemicals

Answer 10

Hapten

Question 11

The form into which T cells differentiate when activated by an antigen; they remain within the body, ready to respond to a second challenge

Answer 11

Memory T Cells

Question 12

Any swelling of the lymph nodes, with or without pain

Answer 12

Lymphadenopathy

Question 13

Inflammation of a lymph node caused by infection

Answer 13

Lymphadenitis

Question 14

Round or bean-shaped structures interspersed along the course of the lymph vessels, which filter the lymph and serve as a source of lymphocytes

Answer 14

Lymph Nodes

Question 15

An extreme systemic form of an allergic reaction involving two or more body systems

Answer 15

Anaphylaxis

Question 16

A substance that includes antigens that stimulate an immune response against a particular pathogen

Answer 16

Vaccine

Question 17

A large collection of lymph nodes located in the groin

Answer 17

Inguinal Nodes

Question 18

The smaller of the two collecting ducts; it receives lymph from the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax

Answer 18

Right Lymphatic Duct

Question 19

Vessels of the lymphatic system that carry fluid away from the tissues and toward one of the great lymph vessels

Answer 19

Lymphatic Capillaries

Question 20

Antigens; chemicals that stimulate B cells to produce antibodies or allergies

Answer 20

Allergens

Question 21

Spaces inside lymph nodes that comprise complex channels through which lymph moves

Answer 21

Lymph Sinuses

Question 22

Tissue that is denser than diffuse lymphatic tissue, found in the loose connective tissue of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems

Answer 22

Lymph Nodules

Question 23

Organisms of microscopic size

Answer 23

Microorganisms

Question 24

One of three sets of lymphatic organs that comprise the tonsils, they are located near the internal opening of the nasal cavity and help protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose. Also called adenoids

Answer 24

Pharyngeal Tonsils

Question 25

A gland that is larger in children but shrinks with age; it secretes thymosins, which are important in early immunity by affecting production and differentiation of lymphocytes

Answer 25

Thymus

Question 26

The appearance of concentrations of antibodies in the blood plasma, usually 5-10 days after exposure to antigens

Answer 26

Secondary Immune Response

Question 27

The disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 27

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Question 28

One of two great lymph vessels; it empties into the subclavian vein

Answer 28

Lymphatic Duct

Question 29

An infection that spreads beyond the local area into a lymphatic vessel causing red streaks to run from the infected area proximally

Answer 29

Lymphangitis

Question 30

Phagocytic cells that remove foreign particles from the lymph and blood

Answer 30

Mononuclear Phagocytic System

Question 31

The immune process by which T cell lymphocytes and macrophages attack and destroy pathogens or foreign substances; the process involves recognizing antigens, then secreting cytokines (specifically lymphokines) that attract other cells or stimulate the production of cytotoxic cells that kill the infected cells

Answer 31

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Question 32

A protein found on the surface of helper T cells that is adversely affected by exposure to HIV

Answer 32

CD4 Antigen

Question 33

A disease-causing agent, which may be a virus, bacterium, fungus, or protozoan

Answer 33

Pathogen

Question 34

One of three sets of lymphatic organs that comprise the tonsils, they are located on the posterior margin of the tongue and help protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose

Answer 34

Lingual Tonsils

Question 35

Cytokines produced by T cells that recruits mast cells and other nonspecific inflammatory mediators to aid in destruction of antigens

Answer 35

Lymphokines

Question 36

The invasion of a host or tissue by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites that produce illness that may or may not have clinical manifestations

Answer 36

Infection

Question 37

Cells that aid other white blood cells in carrying out cell-mediated immune functions, including maturation of B cells into plasma cells and memory B cells, and activation of cytotoxic T cells and macrophages

Answer 37

Helper T Cells

Question 38

Proteins secreted by certain immune cells that react against foreign antigens in the body by binding to the antigens, making them more visible to the immune system

Answer 38

Immunoglobulins

Question 39

The largest lymphatic organ; filters the blood via the actions of lymphocytes and macrophages

Answer 39

Spleen

Question 40

Cell-mediated immunity; it occurs when T cells attach to foreign, antigen-bearing cells such as bacteria cells, and interact with direct cell-to-cell contact

Answer 40

Cellular Immune Response

Question 41

The body system that includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defense against foreign substances and disease-causing agents

Answer 41

Immune System

Question 42

Surgical removal of the spleen

Answer 42

Splenectomy

Question 43

A thin plasma-like liquid formed from interstitial or extracellular fluid that bathes the tissues of the body

Answer 43

Lymph

Question 44

Immunity; it targets specific pathogens and acts more slowly than innate defenses

Answer 44

Adaptive (Specific) Defense

Question 45

Cells that produce antibodies (immunoglobulins) to destroy antigens or antigen-containing particles; they are formed from divided and differentiated B cells

Answer 45

Plasma Cells

Question 46

A large collection of lymph nodes located in the axilla (armpit)

Answer 46

Axillary Nodes

Question 47

A reaction by tissues of the body to irritation or injury, characterized by pain, swelling, redness, and heat

Answer 47

Inflammatory Response

Question 48

The activation of B or T cells after they first encounter the antigens for which they are specialized to react; the process continues for several weeks

Answer 48

Primary Immune Response

Question 49

The spreading of a disease from one part of the body to another, especially with many forms of cancer

Answer 49

Metastasize

Question 50

The thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

Answer 50

Collecting Ducts

Question 51

Physiologically, refers to the body's ability to protect itself from infectious disease

Answer 51

Immunity

Question 52

When antibodies react to destroy antigens or antigen-containing particles

Answer 52

Humoral Immune Response

Question 53

Antibodies produced by the body in reaction to any of its own cells or cell products

Answer 53

Autoantibodies

Question 54

An accessory cell, which may be a macrophage, B cell, or other type of cell that has processed antigen fragments on its surface

Answer 54

Antigen-Presenting Cell

Question 55

The movement of additional white blood cells to an area of inflammation in response to the release of chemical mediators

Answer 55

Chemotaxis

Question 56

Three sets of lymphatic organs---the palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils, and lingual tonsils---that are located in the back of the throat and nasopharynx and protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose

Answer 56

Tonsils

Question 57

Bacteria that is located in the colon to help in the digestion of food, as well as other sites in the body, such as the vagina, skin, oral and nasal cavities to help maintain homeostasis

Answer 57

Normal Flora

Question 58

A virus that may lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); cells in the immune system are killed or damaged so that the body is unable to fight infections and certain cancers

Answer 58

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Question 59

An innate (nonspecific) defense wherein one species is resistant to certain diseases that may affect other species

Answer 59

Species Resistance

Question 60

Structures that drain lymph from lymphatic vessels and join either the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct

Answer 60

Lymphatic Trunks

Question 61

A large collection of lymph nodes located in the neck

Answer 61

Cervical Nodes