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A&P I Lecture and Lab > A&PI Ch. 13,14,&15 Central and Automatic Nervous Systems prt. 2 > Flashcards

A&PI Ch. 13,14,&15 Central and Automatic Nervous Systems prt. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

_______ and ______ _______ are composed of gray and white tissue.

A

Brain; Sinal Cord

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2
Q

Gray Matter

A

-outside for the brain
-made of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons

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3
Q

White Matter

A

-outside for spinal cord
-consists of myelinated axons
-organized in bundles called tracts

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4
Q

True or False? The distribution of white and gray matter is the same in the brain and spinal cord.

A

FALSE; it is the opposite distribution in the brain and spinal cord
-White Matter (outside for spinal cord inside for brain)
-Gray Matter (outside for brain and inside for spinal cord)

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5
Q

What are the 7 Lobes of the brain?

A

-Frontal
-Temporal
-Brain Stem
-Parietal
-Insula
-Occipital
-Cerebellum

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6
Q

Which lobe of the brain is hidden?

A

Insula

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7
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

-thinking
-memory
-behaviour and movement

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8
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

-hearing
-learning
-feelings

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9
Q

Brain Stem

A

-breathing
-heart rate
-temperature

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10
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

-language
-touch

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11
Q

Insula

A

-subjective perception of one’s self
-awareness

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12
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

sight

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13
Q

Cerebellum

A

-balance
-coordination

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14
Q

Where are the motor areas of the brain located?

A

they are housed within frontal lobes

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15
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

-in the precentral gyrus
-it is also called a somatic motor area

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16
Q

What does the primary motor cortex do?

A

controls skeletal muscle activity on opposite sides of the body (project contralateral (opposite side) within brainstem or spinal cord)

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17
Q

The controlled body regions map as a ________ ____________

A

motor homunculus

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18
Q

Motor Homunculus

A

-distorted proportions of the body reflect amount of cortex dedicated to each part
-ex. hands are large on homunculus because large area of the brain controls their precise movements

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19
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

an elevated ridge or hill

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20
Q

3 Parts of the Brainstem

A

-Medulla Oblongata
-Pons
-Midbrain

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21
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

relay station between spinal cord and brain

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22
Q

Pons

A

relay station from medulla to higher cortical structures of the brain

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23
Q

Midbrain

A

nerve pathway of the cerebral hemisphere

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24
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A

-Olfactory (I) -Optic (II)
-Oculomotor (III) -Trigeminal (V)
-Trochlear (IV) -Facial (VII)
-Abducens (VI) -Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
-Glossopharyngeal (IX) -Vagus (X)
-Accessory (XI) -Hypoglossal (XII)

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25
Structures of the Cerebellum
-Arbor Vitae -Flocculonodular Lobe -Vermis -Lateral Hemispheres
26
Arbor Vitae
white matter of the cerebellum
27
Flocculonodular
control of balance and eye movements
28
Vermis
posture, locomotion, fine motor coordination
29
Lateral Hemispheres
planning, practicing, and learning complex movements
30
Structures of The Diencephalon
-thalamus -subthalamus -epithalamus -hypothalamus
31
Thalamus
largest part; receives input from most sensory neurons in the body
32
Subthalamus
motor functions
33
Epithalamus
-emotional (attach to smell) and visceral (gag reflex to smells) responses to odors; biological clock -pineal gland (melatonin)
34
Hypothalamus
major endocrine tissue; homeostatically regulates many important physiological processes
35
The __________ is associated with memory.
hippocampus
36
Limbic System
-the emotional brain (creation and maintenance) -composed of multiple cerebral and diencephalic structures that process and experience emotions
37
Hippocampus
-part of the limbic system -associated with spatial memory and navigation, verbal memory, and learning of computational information -site of formation of new memories
38
Spinal Cord Anatomy
-long, thin, tubular bundle of neurons -carriers information to/from the brain -encased in vertebrae and meninges -divided into different segments that correspond with overlying vertebrae
39
_______ _______ is organized into funiculi (columns): dorsal, lateral and ventral.
White Matter
40
Each _______ is organized into nerve tracts.
funiculi
41
What are the nerves in the spinal cord?
dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, ventral root, dorsal root
42
Dorsal Ramus
carries sensory information to and from the back
43
Ventral Ramus
carries motor information to and from the other parts of the body
44
Ventral Root
motor axons
45
Dorsal Root
sensory axons
46
What is Dicephalon?
The center of the brain
47
Which activities are under the control of the flocculonodular lobe?
balance and eye movement
48
The ______________ is associated with memory and is destroyed with Alzheimer's in tandem with the amygdala.
Hippocampus
49
What is the amygdala associated with?
Emotions
50
What are the placements of the dura, arachnoid, and pia mater?
- Dura Mater= directly touches bone - Arachnoid Mater= touches fluid - Pia Mater= touches tissue
51
White mater is arranged in _________.
funiculi (columns)
52
What are the 3 funiculi of white matter called?
dorsal, lateral, and ventral
53
Each funiculi is organized into _______ _______.
nerve tracts
54
Dorsal root is _______ to CNS.
afferent
55
Ventral root is ________ to CNS.
efferent
56
What is the difference between afferent and efferent?
- Afferent= toward CNS - Efferent= away from CNS (exiting)
57
The peripheral nervous system is divided into what two categories?
-Motor Neurons= CNS to muscles and glands (efferent) -Sensory Neurons= Sensory organs to CNS (afferent)
58
Motor Neurons are divided into what two categories?
-Somatic Nervous System (controls voluntary movement) -Autonomic Nervous System (controls involuntary movement) -Enteric Nervous System
59
The Autonomic Nervous system is divided into what two categories?
-Sympathetic Division (fight or flight) -Parasympathetic Division (rest and digest)
60
How do Somatic Neurons control movement?
Somatic neurons control movement by innervating skeletal muscles
61
How do Autonomic Neurons control movement?
Autonomic Neurons control movement by innervating smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
62
True or False? Sensory neurons are not subdivided into somatic and autonomic.
TRUE; because there is an overlap in their functions -ex. pain receptors can stimulate both somatic and autonomic reflexes
63
What is the ANS?
Autonomic Nervous System
64
What does the ANS do?
-maintains homeostasis by regulating involuntary activities -ex. heart rate, breathing rate, body temp, and digestion

A&P I Lecture and Lab (12 decks)

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