A4.1 - Evolution & Speciation

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

change in heritable characteristics of population

Question 2

lamarckism

Answer 2

acquired traits can be passed along (falsified)

Question 3

theory of evolution

Answer 3

evolution by natural selection

Question 4

evidence of evolution

Answer 4

new DNA sequences can arise
some genes are common to many species
genes in closely related specifc are more similar

Question 5

selective breeding

Answer 5

domestication of plants & animals

Question 6

purpose of selective breeding

Answer 6

controls reproduction & traits of offspring
= more desirable traits become more common

Question 7

homologous structure

Answer 7

same structure, same evolutionary origin, different function

Question 8

example of homologous structures

Answer 8

pentadactyl limb –> humans, bats, etc

Question 9

analogous structure

Answer 9

different structure, different evolutionary origin, same function

Question 10

example of analogous structures

Answer 10

human & octopus eyes, bat & bee wings

Question 11

convergent evolution

Answer 11

more than one ancestral origin that results in development of structures w similar feature

Question 12

divergent evolution

Answer 12

occurs when 2 species with common ancestor develop different traits

Question 13

speciation

Answer 13

formation of new species

Question 14

requirements of speciation

Answer 14

reproductive isolation
differential selection

Question 15

example of reproductive isolation

Answer 15

geographical isolation

Question 16

geographical isolation

Answer 16

physical barriers

Question 17

differential selection

Answer 17

different selective pressures
separated population evolve differently