D1.2 - Protein Synthesis

Question 1

protein synthesis process

Answer 1

DNA –> mRNA –> polypeptide

Question 2

transcription

Answer 2

using strand of DNA as template to synthesize new strand of RNA (DNA –> mRNA)

Question 3

RNA polymerase

Answer 3

enzyme that separates strands, adds RNA nucleotides & creates phosphodiester bonds

Question 4

sense strand

Answer 4

contains genetic info to be copied

Question 5

antisense strand

Answer 5

strand actually used for transcription

Question 6

complementary base pairing role

Answer 6

ensures RNA produced is exact copy of gene

Question 7

hydrogen bonding role

Answer 7

bond can only form b/w complementary bases –> ensures correct sequence of bases

Question 8

gene expression

Answer 8

protein production using sequences & bases in gene

Question 9

translation

Answer 9

translating mRNA to polypeptides

Question 10

what are polypeptides

Answer 10

long chains of amino acids in cytoplasm on ribosome

Question 11

mRNA function

Answer 11

carried message from DNA to ribosomes

Question 12

tRNA function

Answer 12

functions in cytoplasm to carry amino acids to ribosomes

Question 13

rRNA function

Answer 13

combines with ribosomal proteins to construct cytoplasmic ribosomes

Question 14

codon

Answer 14

group of 3 bases on mRNA

Question 15

anticodon

Answer 15

group of 3 bases on tRNA complementary to specific mRNA codon

Question 16

risbosome structure units

Answer 16

small subunit binds to mRNA
large subunit tRNA binding site & catalytic site

Question 17

process of translation

Answer 17

mRNA attaches to ribosome
tRNA with anticodon attaches
amino acids from tRNA form peptide bonds
ribosome slids to next codon, next tRNA attaches
process continues until stop codon
disassembly

Question 18

universal genetic code meaning

Answer 18

same codons make same amino acids

Question 19

degenerate genetic code meaning

Answer 19

different codons can code for same amino acids

Question 20

RNA bases

Answer 20

adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

Question 21

stepwise movement of mRNA linkage

Answer 21

A site
E site
P site

Question 22

A-site

Answer 22

intial bonding site for tRNA
peptide is formed between amino acid on tRNA and polypeptide chain

Question 23

P-site

Answer 23

empty tRNA moves as ribosome slides down mRNA & peptide chain is passed down to next tRNA

Question 24

E-site

Answer 24

exit site

Question 25

mutations impact

Answer 25

change amino aicds change protein structure

Question 26

base substitution

Answer 26

change to one base in gene

Question 27

disease due to gene mutation

Answer 27

haemoglobin mutation results in sickle cell anemia --> gulatmic acid replaced by valine