B4.2 - Ecological Niches

Question 1

ecological niche

Answer 1

role of species in ecosystem

Question 2

niche organism fills depends on ..

Answer 2

how it obtains food
zone of tolerance
how it interacts w others

Question 3

obligate aerobes

Answer 3

organisms that must have oxygen
all nimals and plants

Question 4

obligate anaerobes

Answer 4

cannot be exposed to oxygen
only lives in anoxic environment
ex: bacteria that cause tetanus & archaea

Question 5

facultative anaerboes

Answer 5

can live in oxic or anoxic environment
ecoli
yeast

Question 6

photosynthesis

Answer 6

conversion of solar energy into chemical energy

Question 7

organisms that photosynthesize

Answer 7

plants
algae
some bacteria
autotrophs (primary producer)

Question 8

heterotroph

Answer 8

consumers, cannot produce their own food

Question 9

holozoic nutrition

Answer 9

whole pieces of food are eaten and digestes internally

Question 10

process of holozoic nutrition

Answer 10

ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion

Question 11

assimilation in holozoic nutrition

Answer 11

becoming part of cells, using nutrients in cells

Question 12

mixotroph

Answer 12

can gather nutrients/energy in autotrophic or heterotrophic ways

Question 13

oblugate mixotroph

Answer 13

must use both heterotrophic and autotrophic methods

Question 14

facultative mixotrophs

Answer 14

can choose either heterotrophic or autotrophic methods

Question 15

saprotrophs

Answer 15

decomposers that digest matter externally

Question 16

types of decomposers

Answer 16

saprotrophs
detritivores

Question 17

detrititvores

Answer 17

decomposers that digest matter internally

Question 18

archae

Answer 18

prokaryote

Question 19

ways archae get energy (ATP)

Answer 19

heterotrophic
phototrophic
chemotrophic

Question 20

heterotrophic energy gathering

Answer 20

from other organisms

Question 21

phototrophic energy gathering

Answer 21

absorbing light energy

Question 22

chemotrophic energy gathering

Answer 22

oxidizing inorganic chemicals

Question 23

dentition

Answer 23

relating to teeth

Question 24

hominidae

Answer 24

family that includes humans, chimps, etc.

Question 25

shape of teeth is indicative of ...

Answer 25

what an organism eats

Question 26

herbivores dentition

Answer 26

large flat teeth for grinding grains

Question 27

omnivores dentition

Answer 27

mixture of teeth including flat grinders and sharp ones for tearing meat

Question 28

mechanisms used by herbivores insects

Answer 28

1- jaw like mouth parts: biting & chewing 2- tube shaped mouthpart: sucks sap out of phloem

Question 29

adaptations of plants to deter herbivores

Answer 29

spines spikes stinging parts toxins

Question 30

herbivores adaptations to overcome plant deterring adaptations

Answer 30

aphids produce saliva as barrier to plant toxins

Question 31

types of adaptations of predators to catch prey

Answer 31

chemical physical behavioral

Question 32

chemical adaptations of predators

Answer 32

venom (cobra)

Question 33

physical adaptations of predators

Answer 33

teeth & claws (lion)

Question 34

behavioral adaptations of predators

Answer 34

ambush (moray eel)

Question 35

types of adaptations of prey to avoid predator

Answer 35

chemical physical behavioral

Question 36

chemical adaptations of prey

Answer 36

toxic (monarch butterfly)

Question 37

physical adaptations of prey

Answer 37

camouflage (walking stick insect)

Question 38

behavioral adaptations of prey

Answer 38

schooling together (snapper fish)

Question 39

fastest developing adaptations

Answer 39

behavioral

Question 40

slowest developing adaptations

Answer 40

chemical

Question 41

adaptations of plants for harvesting light

Answer 41

grow tall so light is not blocked vines grow thru other trees for support ephiphytes grow on tree trunks for light strangler epiphytes climb up trunk and outcompete tree shade tolerant shrubs grow on floor

Question 42

fundemental niche

Answer 42

range of tolerance of all abiotic factors for a species

Question 43

realized niche

Answer 43

the actual niche that a species occupies

Question 44

what happens if 2 species overlap niches

Answer 44

one species will outcompete other

Question 45

what happens if a species is outcompeted in all parts of its fundamental niche

Answer 45

it will be excluded from ecosystem

Question 46

how does climate change impact competitive exclusion

Answer 46

range of species will overlap, weaker species is excluded from range of tolerance