D4.3 - Climate Change

Question 1

anthropogenic causes of climate change

Answer 1

increase in atmospheric concentrations of carbon and methan

Question 2

greenhouse effect

Answer 2

atmosphere retains heat and keeps planet warm even with no sunlight

Question 3

positive feedback cycles in global warming - ice

Answer 3

less snow
less sunlight reflected
more radiation absorbed
more ice melting
cyle repeats

Question 4

positive feedback cycles in global warming - heat

Answer 4

more heat
more permafrost melting
more decay
more methan

Question 5

impact of warmer ocean

Answer 5

less dissolved CO2
more CO2 in atmosphere
more heat

Question 6

impact of warm temp

Answer 6

warm temp
drought
more fires
more carbon release

Question 7

what transforms carbon sinks to carbon source

Answer 7

droughts
fires
heat

Question 8

impact of drought heat and fires

Answer 8

net increase of atmospheric carbon –> tippin point

Question 9

polar habitat change

Answer 9

melting of landfast ice and sea ice

Question 10

emperor penguins

Answer 10

use ice as breedigng round
distance to/from ice is important
early icebreak can kill chicks

Question 11

walruses

Answer 11

use sea ice for resting
lack of ice = energy expenditure to search for ice

Question 12

impact of warmer surface water

Answer 12

decreases ocean currents
less nutrient upwelling
less primary production
altered timing
stratification

Question 13

stratification

Answer 13

stable ocean layers instead of mixing

Question 14

upslope range shift

Answer 14

down slope species can inhibit same habitat of upslope species due to warmer temp –> competition for niche

Question 15

poleward and upslope shifts

Answer 15

ranges shift towards the pole to find optimal temp
leads to death and competition

Question 16

threats to coral reef

Answer 16

CO2 absorption = acidification
more difficult for coral to absorb carbon
calcium carbonate shells dissolve
coral reef collapse

Question 17

impact of acidification on coral

Answer 17

= lower pH = expelling zooxanthellae = coral bleaching

Question 18

carbon sequestration

Answer 18

capturing and storing carbon (carbon sink)

Question 19

afforestation

Answer 19

planting trees in areas with no trees

Question 19

method of carbon sequestration

Answer 19

photosynthesis
plant growth
building of marine shells (calcium carbonate)
fossilization

Question 20

forest regeneration

Answer 20

planting trees that have been cut down

Question 21

monoculture of afforestation

Answer 21

plants one time of species
fast growing species

Question 22

impacts of afforestation on sequestration

Answer 22

positive

Question 23

impacts of afforestation of ecosystem stability

Answer 23

may be negative, no diversity

Question 24

how to reestablish carbon sinks of peat

Answer 24

restoring previously drained wetlands reintroducing native species