B4.1 - Adaptation to Environment

Question 1

habitat

Answer 1

physical condition or place in which an organism species or population lives

Question 2

abiotic

Answer 2

non living components of an ecosystem

Question 3

ex of abiotic factors

Answer 3

water, sunlight, temp, percipitation

Question 4

adaptations of grasses to sand dunes

Answer 4

waxy cuticle
stomata in pits
rolled leaves
rhizomes
fructants in roots

Question 5

challenges faced by grasses in sand dunes

Answer 5

low water availability
high salt concentration

Question 6

waxy cuticle

Answer 6

reduces transpiration

Question 7

stomata in pits

Answer 7

retains moisture in air

Question 8

rolled leaves

Answer 8

reduces wind exposure

Question 9

rhizomes

Answer 9

can extend upward if covered by sand

Question 10

fructants in roots

Answer 10

increase osmosis in root tissue

Question 11

adaptations of trees in mangrove swamps

Answer 11

glands that expel salt
roots coated in cork
roots grow close to surface
vertical root branches
high mineral content in roots

Question 12

roots coated in cork

Answer 12

prevent salt absorption

Question 13

roots growing close to surface results in

Answer 13

more oxygen

Question 14

vertical root branches …

Answer 14

absorb more oxygen

Question 15

high mineral content in roots results in …

Answer 15

increase in osmosis in root tissue

Question 16

challenegs faced by trees in mangrove swamps

Answer 16

water logged anaerobic soil
high salt concentration

Question 17

animal distribution depends on…

Answer 17

water availability
temperature
can be different for different life stages

Question 18

plant distribution depends on…

Answer 18

water availability
temperature
light
soil conditions

Question 19

soild condition impacting plant distribution

Answer 19

pH
mineral content
salinity

Question 20

range of tolerance

Answer 20

range of certain factor that an organism can survive in

Question 21

a coral reef is an …

Answer 21

ecosystem

Question 22

relationship between coral and zooxanthellae

Answer 22

mutualistic

Question 23

mutualistic relationship b/w algae and coral requires…

Answer 23

algae to photosynthesize

Question 24

required condition for mutualistic relationship between algae and coral

Answer 24

shallow depth
clarity
alkaline pH
certain salinity

Question 25

terrestrial

Answer 25

on land

Question 26

biome

Answer 26

collection of similar ecosystems in different geographical locations

Question 27

biome distinguishing factors

Answer 27

temperature percipitation

Question 28

convergent evolution

Answer 28

species that face similar challenges tend to evolve to have similar features

Question 29

plants/animals in similar biomes have:

Answer 29

similar adaptations evenn w/ geographical separation

Question 30

hot deserts conditions

Answer 30

hot days & cold night large temp fluctuation low rainfall limited soil availability poor nutrition

Question 31

grassland conditions

Answer 31

semi arid climate low - moderate rainfall temp vary based on altitude wet season and dry season

Question 32

taiga or conifer forest

Answer 32

cold temp low percipitation winter darkness

Question 33

temperate forest

Answer 33

abundant year round percipitation soil enriched bc of leaf drop four seasons

Question 34

tropical forest

Answer 34

high annual rainfall warm temps nutrient poor soil bc no leaf drop

Question 35

saguaro cactus in hot desert

Answer 35

fat stem to store wateer modified leaves reduce surface area waxy cuticle reduces transpiration wide root systm for water absorption CAM metabolism = stomata open at night

Question 36

fennec fox in hot desert

Answer 36

nocturnal = active in cooler times long hair to moderate temp large ears to radiate heat hairs covering paws to walk on hot sand light fur to reflect light

Question 37

meranti tree in tropical rainforest

Answer 37

grows tall to outcompete for light dense trunk for support enzymes for photosynthesis have high temp tolerance broad leaves to disperese rainfall evergreen leaves to photosynthesize

Question 38

spider monkey

Answer 38

long lmbs for climbing and swinging active during day to see best (food) tail that acts as fifth limb

Question 39

effect of water depth of coral and algae

Answer 39

light only penetrates shallow, algae need sunlight to photosynthesize

Question 40

effect of temp on coral

Answer 40

temp too warm = coral stress, expel symbiotic algae, results in bleached coral

Question 41

effect of water clarity on coral

Answer 41

zooxanthellae need light for photosynthesis

Question 42

effect of water pH on coral

Answer 42

increased carbon leads to lower pH = acidification

Question 43

impact of acidification on coral

Answer 43

less calcium carbonate available to build reefs