Abdomen 3+4+5- Exam 4

Question 1

What are the components of the triangle of Calot?

Answer 1

Inferior border of liver
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct

Question 2

What is fluid in the abdomen called?

Answer 2

ascites

Question 3

Where does the lymph from the abdomen and lower limbs flow? Then where? then where?

Answer 3

Cisterna chyli

Thoracic duct

LEFT subclavian vein

Question 4

Where does the foregut, midgut and hindgut venous system drain to ?

Answer 4

hepatic veins

Question 5

The abdominal body wall is lined by a serous (fluid-secreting) layer called the ______

Answer 5

peritoneum

Question 6

A _____ is created whenever two sheets of peritoneum meet on the posterior body wall and travel anteriorly to surround an organ.

Answer 6

mesentery

Question 7

Name the 10 organs that are intraperitoneal

Answer 7

stomach, liver, spleen, 1st and 4th portion of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon

Question 8

Name some organs that are secondarily retroperitoneal. What does this mean?

Answer 8

2nd and 3rd portions of the duodenum, pancreas, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum

started as intraperitoneal organs but “laid back” to the body wall during development

Question 9

What organs never develop a mesentery? What are they classified as?

Answer 9

kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureters, and all pelvic viscera

primarily retroperitoneal

Question 10

The area posterior to the liver and stomach is referred to as the _____ and forms a space that is connected to the rest of the peritoneal cavity (greater sac) through a hole – the ______

Answer 10

omental bursa (lesser sac)

gastro-omental foramen.

Question 11

Number 1 is on the (right/left) side of the patient?

Answer 11

Right

Question 12

Number 2 is on the (right/left) side of the patient?

Answer 12

Left

Question 13

If you put your finger through ______ and compress the portal triad you would severely decrease the blood flow to what organ?

Answer 13

Gastro-omental foramen

liver

Question 14

The wire in the picture is running through the _____

Answer 14

gastro-omental foramen

Question 15

If you have a gastric ulcers that erodes the posterior wall of the stomach, what can it cause?

Answer 15

pancreatitis or paratinitis

Question 16

What does this shape outline?

Answer 16

All of the organs that have a mesentery

Question 17

The _____ forms the central nervous system

Answer 17

ectoderm

Question 18

The _____ forms the lining and glands of GI, respiratory and UG tracts

Answer 18

endoderm

Question 19

the ____ forms muscles, bones, CT and fat

Answer 19

mesoderm

Question 20

______ forms the epidermis

Answer 20

ectoderm

Question 21

somatic mesoderm contacts ______

Answer 21

Ectoderm

Question 22

visceral mesoderm contacts the _____

Answer 22

endoderm

Question 23

____ and ______ pinch together to form the gut tube

Answer 23

Endoderm + visceral lateral plate mesoderm

Question 24

_____ and _____ envelop the developing gut tube

Answer 24

ectoderm and somatic lateral plate mesoderm

Question 25

How do endoderm and visceral layer of mesoderm remain attached to the posterior body wall?

Answer 25

by a dorsal mesentery

Question 26

the ectoderm and the somatic layer of mesoderm fuse anteriorly and create the ____. This has the additional effect of pulling the _____ around the embryo.

Answer 26

body wall amniotic cavity

Question 27

The gut tube extends from ______ to _______

Answer 27

mouth (oropharyngeal membrane) presumptive anus (cloacal membrane)

Question 28

Once the oropharyngeal membrane and cloacal membranes rupture, what happens next?

Answer 28

amniotic fluid enters the gut tube

Question 29

What are two additional extensions of the endoderm?

Answer 29

allantois secondary yolk sac

Question 30

The secondary yolk sac extends further away from the embryo and settles where?

Answer 30

in a space just outside of the amnion

Question 31

How does the secondary yolk sac remain attached to the gut tube? What structure supplies the blood?

Answer 31

remains attached by the vitelline duct receives blood from the vitelline artery

Question 32

The vitelline artery develops into what three arteries?

Answer 32

celiac superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric

Question 33

**it is a normal for part of your ____ to be present in your umbilical cord

Answer 33

midgut

Question 34

The ____ is initially just the region of gut tube that extends posteriorly from the _______

Answer 34

foregut respiratory diverticulum

Question 35

the foregut will becomes what 6 organs?

Answer 35

Distal esophagus Stomach Proximal duodenum Liver & Gallbladder Pancreas Spleen

Question 36

Describe the processes that occur that turns the foregut into the foregut organs

Answer 36

1. Separation of the esophagus from the trachea 2. Stomach dilation and rotation 3. Development of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas 4. Rotation of gut tube and glands to form spaces, ligaments, omenta,& mesenteries

Question 37

______ separate the trachea and esophagus

Answer 37

Tracheoesophageal ridges

Question 38

What are the two most common malformations when the esophagus separates from the trachae

Answer 38

esophageal atresia ** most common distal tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 39

Esophageal atresia will cause (non-bilious/bilious) emesis

Answer 39

non-bilus

Question 40

What are the two types of congenital hiatal hernias?

Answer 40

when a developing esophagus does not lengthen sufficiently, it can pull the cardiac region of the stomach into the thoracic cavity OR the fundus of the stomach displaces through diaphragm next to the esophagus (para-esophageal hernia)

Question 41

What type of hernia is this?

Answer 41

sliding hiatal hernia

Question 42

What type of hernia is this?

Answer 42

paraesophageal hernia

Question 43

As the stomach develops, it distends and rotates to the _____. What does it form?

Answer 43

left forms the greater curvature

Question 44

During development, the distal end of the stomach is pushed to the _____. What does it cause?

Answer 44

right makes the duodenum into a C-shaped curve

Question 45

Intestinal atresia occurs when ??? Does it present with (non-bilious/bilious) emesis?

Answer 45

malformation that blocks the upper GI tract is atresia of the small intestine bilious emesis

Question 46

bilious emesis, which is always abnormal and indicates obstruction (proximal/distal) to the common bile duct insertion

Answer 46

distal

Question 47

Name this. What does it indicate?

Answer 47

Double Bubble sign intestinal atresia

Question 48

During the 3rd week the hepatic diverticulum (liver bud) extends off the ______

Answer 48

foregut

Question 49

As _____ grows it embeds itself into the ______ which becomes the central part of the diaphragm.

Answer 49

hepatic diverticulum septum transversum

Question 50

The hepatic diverticulum maintains its connection to the gut tube and becomes the _______

Answer 50

common bile duct

Question 51

The gallbladder develops as an out-pouching of the hepatic diverticulum, with its own duct, ______ that connects it to the common bile duct.

Answer 51

the cystic duct,

Question 52

Name two gallbladder abnormalities, which one is a problem

Answer 52

double gallbladders biliary atresia

Question 53

If biliary atresia is present, what is likely to develop?

Answer 53

cirrhosis

Question 54

The ______ develops as an outgrowth of the hepatic diverticulum and is initially completely separate from the ______ that extends separately from the gut tube

Answer 54

dorsal pancreatic bud

Question 55

The dorsal pancreatic bud extends separately from what structure?

Answer 55

gut tube

Question 56

What does rotation of the stomach cause? Then what happens?

Answer 56

brings the common bile duct and the ventral pancreas posterior the duodenum the pancreatic buds and ducts fuse

Question 57

What are the two connects to the duodenum?

Answer 57

main pancreatic duct and accessory pancreatic duct

Question 58

the main pancreatic duct is composed of what two parts?

Answer 58

ventral pancreas and common bile duct

Question 59

the accessory pancreatic duct is on what part of the pancreas?

Answer 59

dorsal pancreas

Question 60

What is an annular pancreas? What does it cause?

Answer 60

When the ventral pancreas migrates anteriorly and posteriorly and surrounds the duodenum causes duodenal stenosis

Question 61

What part of gut develop does all the organs included rotate to move them into their final positions?

Answer 61

foregut development

Question 62

As the stomach shifts left, the liver moves to the right side of the abdomen. The space created posteriorly is the ______

Answer 62

is the omental bursa

Question 62

The omental bursa communicates with the rest of the peritoneal cavity through _____?

Answer 62

the omental foramen (of Winslow)

Question 63

The ______ expands and forms a sheet of peritoneum that drapes over the developing midgut. It then fuses with the mesentery of the transverse colon.

Answer 63

greater omentum

Question 64

Name the organs that become the midgut?

Answer 64

Distal duodenum Jejunum Ileum Cecum Appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon

Question 65

What are the 2 major events in midgut development?

Answer 65

1. Rotation 2. Elongation

Question 66

The midgut rotates around what artery? Describe the rotation

Answer 66

superior mesentric artery 270 degrees counter clockwise

Question 67

What will a vitelline fistula present as?

Answer 67

poop coming out of the belly button

Question 67

the _____ also elongates so extensively that starting in the 6th week it extends out of the abdomen into the _____. What is it called?

Answer 67

midgut umbilical cord physiological herniation

Question 68

Describe the process of the formation of the appendix

Answer 68

The vermiform appendix buds off the cecum as it is enters the right side of the abdomen. Because the appendix forms as the cecum returns to the abdomen, it may be located in several locations

Question 69

What are the bands of the colon called?

Answer 69

Tenia coli

Question 70

What is an omphalocele?

Answer 70

Congenital herniation of intra-abdominal viscera through a defect in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus. Note the intact peritoneal sac covering the viscera, which is absent in gastroschisis.

Question 71

Is omphalocele or gastroschisis worse?

Answer 71

omphalocele because its more than just the intestine and the entire sac is outside of the body

Question 72

Describe what is wrong with this picture

Answer 72

the duodenum is anterior to the transverse colon causes partial blockage

Question 73

What is volvulus?

Answer 73

when the intestine is twisted shut and cuts off the blood supply

Question 74

What is a vascular accident?

Answer 74

when the blood supply to the developing region is insufficient or compromised

Question 75

What are some signs of a vascular accident in a newborn?

Answer 75

Failure to pass meconium Abdominal distension Bilious vomiting Abdominal x-ray shows multiple air-fluid levels

Question 76

What organs are in the hindgut?

Answer 76

descending colon sigmoid colon rectum

Question 77

Mesoderm between _____ and _____ descends to separate urogenital and GI tracts

Answer 77

vitelline duct and allantois

Question 78

Mesoderm between vitelline duct and allantois descends to separate ____ and _____

Answer 78

urogenital and GI tracts

Question 79

The _____ is a developmental structure that receives content from urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems

Answer 79

cloaca

Question 80

The urogenital and digestive tracts are partitioned by the ______, which separates the rectum from the urogenital sinus

Answer 80

urorectal septum

Question 81

The urogenital sinus and allantois will become the _____ and _____

Answer 81

bladder and urethra

Question 82

Descent of the urorectal septum creates separate ____ and _____

Answer 82

anal urogenital membranes.

Question 83

What is the correct medical term for the taint

Answer 83

perineal body

Question 84

urorectal fistula present as ??

Answer 84

poop coming out of the urethra

Question 85

rectovaginal fistula will present as ???

Answer 85

poop coming out of the vagina

Question 86

What is another name for a persistent cloaca?

Answer 86

fistulae

Question 87

Ectoderm invaginates to form an _____ that meets the rectum

Answer 87

anal pit

Question 88

An ____ results from failure of the anal membrane to rupture, leaving the anal pit unconnected to the rectum.

Answer 88

imperforate anus

Question 89

The right hepatic duct carries what?

Answer 89

bile from the right lobe of the liver

Question 90

The left hepatic duct carries what?

Answer 90

bile from the left, caudate and quadrate lobe