Back 1/3 Flashcards
(56 cards)
1
Q
How many sacral vertebrae?
A
5
2
Q
How many coccygeal vertebrae?
A
3-5, depending on the person
3
Q
What 2 places on the normal body would you find Lordosis?
A
Cervical and Lumbar
4
Q
What two places on the body would you find Kyphosis?
A
Thoracic and Sacral
5
Q
Lordoses concave _____
A
posteriorily
6
Q
Kyphoses concave _____
A
anteriorly
7
Q
______ and ______ = Vertebral Arch
A
Pedicles and laminae
8
Q
Name 1-4
A
- Pedicle
- Lamina
- Spinous Process
- Vertebral Foramen
9
Q
Name 5-9
A
- Transverse Process
- Inferior Articular Process and Facet
- Spinous Process
- Superior Articular Process and Facet
- Vertebral Body
10
Q
Name 1 and 2.
A
- Intervertebral Foramen
- Zygapophyseal (Facet) joint
11
Q
What is another name for a Facet joint
A
Zygapophyseal joint
12
Q
Name 1-4
A
- Uncinate Processes
- Spinous Process
- Vertebral Foramen
- Transverse foramen
13
Q
What is unique about the cervical spinous processes?
A
Bifid, divided into two parts
14
Q
Name 1-4
A
- Facet for head of rib
- Transverse Costal Facet
- Demifacet for head of rib (inferior)
- Demifacet for head of rib (superior)
15
Q
What levels would you find this?
A
T1, T9-T12
16
Q
What levels would you find this?
A
T2-T8
17
Q
Name 1-3
A
- Costal Head
- Neck
- Tubercle
18
Q
Name 1-4
A
- Mammilary Process (on superior articular process)
- Accessory Process (on Transverse process)
- Mammilary Process (on superior articular process)
- Lumbar Transverse process
19
Q
Name 1-4
A
- Anterior Sacral Foramina
- Coccyx
- Ala
- Promontory
20
Q
Name 1-4
A
- Median Sacral Crest
- Lateral Sacral Crest
- Sacral Cornua
- Posterior Sacral Foramina
21
Q
Name 5-8
A
- Sacral Hiatus
- Sacral canal
- Auricular surface
- Superior articular processes and facets
22
Q
Name 1-2
A
- Apex of the coccyx
- Coccygeal cornua
23
Q
There are intervertebral disc between every pair except _____
A
C1-C2
24
Q
Anulus fibrosus arrives from ______
A
schlerotome
25
Nucleus pulposus derived from _____
notochord
26
Label 1 and 2
1. Anulus fibrosus
2. Nucleus pulposus
27
Compression of the vertebrae puts pressure on the ______.
Nucleus pulposus
28
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HPN) is a....
Slipped disc
29
Extension is terms of the back is.....
Extension of the sagittal plane (leaning backwards) Facets joint close
30
Flexion in terms of the back is.....
Flexion of the sagittal plane (leaning forward) facet joints open
31
Name 2 causes of excessive thoracic kyphosis
Osteoporosis and compression fractures
32
Excessive lumbar lordosis may occur due to (3 things)
1. Pregnancy
2. Carrying excess belly fat
3. Lack of abdominal muscle tone
33
Lumbar lordosis often ______ when muscles of the back are spasming
Diminishes
34
Scoliosis is abnormal ________ ______ of the spine. Usually also involves ________
lateral curvature, rotation
35
Label 1-4 ligaments
1. Anterior longitudinal
2. Intertransverse
3. Interspinous
4. Supraspinous
36
Label. What did Dr. Ward say to remember specifically about this ligament?
Posterior Longitudinal ligament. That it is in inside the vertebrae aka NOT the most posterior ligament of the bunch
37
Label. What is "special" about this ligament?
Ligamentum flavum, ligament is pretty elastic
38
Which ligament is the most posterior?
Supraspinous
39
Label
1. Nuchal ligament
40
______ is a large surface for cervical muscle attachment
Nuchal ligament
41
The broad, midline ______ ligament fans out from the skull, across the cervical and upper thoracic spinous processes.
Nuchal
42
In the thoracic region, what is the role of the ligaments?
Connect the ribs to vertebrae
43
________ of head of the rib connects to vertebral facets/demifacets
Radiate ligament of head of the rib
44
Label
Radiate ligament of head of the rib
45
_______ connect transverse processes of L4 and L5 to the ilium
Iliolumbar ligaments
46
Label 1 and 2
1. Supraspinous ligament
2. Iliolumbar ligaments
47
Suboccipital muscles stretch between ______, ______ and _______.
Axis-C2
Atlas -C1
Skull
48
What is another name for the Atlanto-Occipital Joint. What is it primary role?
C1- Atlas, Flexion and Extension
49
Label 1-4
1. Anterior Tubercle C1
2. Posterior Tubercle C1
3. Superior Facet C1
4. Occipital Condyle
50
What is another name for the Atlanto- Axial Joint?
Axis- C2
51
Label 1-4
1. Spinous Process C2
2. Body of C2
3. Dens
4. Superior Facet C2
52
Label 1-3
1. Anterior Tubercle C1
2. Inferior Facet C1
3. Posterior Tubercle C1
53
The _______ continues to the skull, covering the dens.
posterior longitudinal ligament
54
Dens is tethered to the _________ and ______ by ligaments that keep it in place while allowing rotation
Occipital bone and atlas
55
Label 1 and 2
1. Posterior Atlanto-Axial Membrane
2. Posterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane
56
