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JKC Anatomy- Spring '24 > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the sternum ossifies with age?

A

Xyphoid process

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2
Q

_____ attach to the sternum through individual costal cartilages

A

Ribs 1-7

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3
Q

_____ attach to the costal cartilages of rib 7

A

Ribs 8-10

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4
Q

_____ do not attach to the sternum but are tipped by cartilage

A

Ribs 11 and 12

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the subclavius muscle?

A

Stabilizes clavicle

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6
Q

______ connects the ribs to vertebral facets/demifacets

A

Radiate ligament of head of the rib

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7
Q

______ connect from neck of rib to transverse process at same level and one level above

A

costotransverse ligaments

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8
Q

During expansion of the thorax during inspiration:

The 1st and 2nd ribs _____

A

elevate

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9
Q

During expansion of the thorax during inspiration:

The 3rd-10th ribs _____

A

Open laterally in a bucket handle motion

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10
Q

During expansion of the thorax during inspiration:

The 11th and 12th ribs _____

A

Swing laterally in a pincers motion

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11
Q

During expansion of the thorax during inspiration:

The ribs movements ???

A

push the sternum anteriorly

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12
Q

What is the function of the serratus posterior inferior?

A

proprioception

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13
Q

_____ muscle protracts the scapula and attaches to the lateral aspect of the ribs.

A

Serratus anterior

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14
Q

What artery supplies the serratus anterior?

A

Lateral thoracic artery

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15
Q

The serratus anterior is innervated by the ____

A

Long thoracic nerve

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16
Q

________ muscles have an inferomedial direction (hands in pocket).

A

External intercostal

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17
Q

The ______extend from vertebrae, around thorax, and become the ______ membrane before reaching the sternum.

A

External intercostal muscles

External intercostal membrane

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18
Q

______ muscles run in a superomedial direction, extending from the sternum, around the thorax, and become the ______ before reaching vertebrae

A

Internal intercostal muscle

Internal intercostal membrane

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19
Q

______ muscles run parallel to the internal intercostal and are only present in the lateral region between the ribs.

A

Innermost intercostal

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20
Q

On the inside of the thorax, the _______ muscles extend from the sternum towards the ribs and costal cartilages.

A

transversus thoracis

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21
Q

The _____ forms the floor of the thoracic cavity

A

diaphragm

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22
Q

The diaphragm attaches ???

A

bilaterally from the xyphoid process around the costal arch to the twelfth thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae.

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23
Q

What three things travel through the diaphragm to reach the abdomen?

A

Inferior vena cava, aorta and esophagus

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24
Q

When the diaphragm contracts what happens?

A

It flattens

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25
The diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals (parasternal portion) and scalene muscles are involved with ??
Inspiration
26
Internal intercostals (lateral portion), innermost intercostals, abdominal obliques, rectus abdominis and transversus thoracis are involved with ??
Expiration
26
Relaxed expiration is largely a result of ___ of the soft tissues
Recoil
27
When a patient has COPD or emphysema ______, ______ and _____ will fix the scapula so that other muscles can then work on the ribcage
Trapezius, levator scapulae and rhomboids
28
During inspiration/expiration ______ works to elevate the 1st and 2nd rib
Scalenes (**anterior, middle and posterior)
29
What muscles work to elevate the anterior ribcage if the scapula is fixed?
Pectoralis major and minor
30
_____ elevates the lateral ribcage if scapula is fixed
Serratus anterior
31
The blood supply of the thoracic wall is largely via the ______, which run within each intercostal space.
intercostal arteries
32
Where do the intercostal arteries originate from?
Internal thoracic artery and aorta
33
The skin and muscles of the thoracic wall are innervated via _____
intercostal nerves
34
The intercostal nerves are extension of _____ from each spinal level T1-T12
anterior rami
35
Both intercostal nerves and arteries have ______ branches and _____ branches.
lateral cutaneous anterior cutaneous
36
Anterior intercostal arteries come from ??
Internal thoracic artery
37
Posterior intercostal arteries comes from ??
Aorta
38
the _____ and ____ form an anastomoses in the ribcage
Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries
39
Anteriorly the intercostal veins drain into ____
Internal thoracic veins
40
Posteriorly the intercostal veins drain into ____
azygos system
41
The _____ on the right side of the vertebral bodies receives the ___ intercostal veins and _____ ascending lumbar vein. It drains to the _______.
azygos vein Right Right Superior Vena Cava
42
On the left are _____ that receives blood from LOWER ____ intercostal veins and ____ ascending lumbar vein.
hemiazygos vein Left Left
43
_____ which receives UPPER left intercostal veins and connects to the left brachiocephalic vein
accessory hemiazygos vein
44
What three things are protected by the costal groove of the superior rib?
Intercostal Vein, Artery and Nerve VAN in that order
45
_____ arteries and _____ nerves run in the plane between the internal intercostal and innermost intercostal muscles.
Posterior intercostal intercostal
46
Each nerve and artery also gives off a very small branch that runs ______ within the intercostal space.
Inferiorly
47
If you are trying to do a nerve block in the intercostal space, where would you put the needle?
Aim for the UPPER part of the intercostal space
48
If you are trying to take a sample of the fluid, where do you put the needle?
aim for the middle of the intercostal space
49
Inside of the thorax is subdivided into two ____ and the midline _______
pleural cavities mediastinum
50
The superior mediastinum contains what 10 things:
1. Superior vena cava 2. Brachiocephalic vein 3. Arch of aorta 4. Vagus 5. Phrenic 6. Left recurrent laryngeal 7. Thoracic duct 8. Trachea 9. Esophagus 10. Thymus
51
What level does the superior and inferior mediastinum split between?
T4-5
52
The inferior anterior mediastinum contains what 3 things?
1. Thymus 2. Lymph nodes 3. Fat and connective tissue
53
The middle anterior mediastinum contains what 4 things?
1. Pericardium and heart 2. Roots of great vessels 3. Arch of azygos vein 4. Primary bronchi
54
The posterior anterior mediastinum contains what 7 things?
1. Esophagus 2. Aorta 3. Azygos and hemiazygos veins 4. Thoracic duct 5. Vagus nerve 6. Sympathetic trunk 7. Splanchnic nerve
55
The ______ is an important immune organ where T lymphocytes mature and become active.
thymus gland
56
Where does T lymphocytes mature and become active?
Thymus gland
57
What gland is quite large in children but is small and atrophies in adults?
Thymus gland
58
The breast is a modified sweat gland with multiple ____ that can produce milk, which drains through _____, to _______ that then empty at the ____. Fat fills spaces between lobules
lobules lactiferous ducts lactiferous sinuses nipple
59
There is a ______ between the breast and pectoralis major muscle.
retromammary space
60
Between lobules are ______ that extend from the thoracic wall and attach to the skin of the breast.
suspensory ligaments (of Cooper)
61
A fixed breast to the body wall with "orange peel" skin is a sign of ?
breast cancer
62
What is the primary blood supply to the breasts? What else contributes?
Internal thoracic and lateral thoracic lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal artery and vein
63
The majority (3/4) of lymphatic flow travels in what direction? Towards what lymph nodes? but first pass through _____ before reaching ______.
Laterally Axillary lymph nodes interpectoral nodes- between pectoralis major and minor Pectoral axillary nodes
64
Medial breast lymph drains where? What 2 other places can they go?
parasternal nodes mediastinum or cross into the opposite breast
65
The right border is composed of ?
Superior vena cava Right atrium Inferior vena cava
66
The Inferior border of the heart is composed of ?
Right ventricle
67
The superior border of the heart is composed of ?
Left atrium Right atrium
68
The left border of the heart is composed of ?
left ventricle Left auricle
69
What is the reminisce when the right and left atrium were connected?
Fossa ovalis
70
Where is the SA node located?
Crista terminalis
71
______: The outer lining of the heart
Epicardium
72
_______: The actual heart muscle
myocardium
73
_____: The inner lining of the heart
Endocardium
74
The ______ has a serous lining that releases lubricating fluid
epicardium
75
In the epicardium deep to the serous layer there is a layer of ______. What does it contain?
Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue contains coronary blood vessels and nerves
76
What is a difference between heart and skeletal muscle?
The cardiac muscle branches and connects to other cardiac muscles
77
______ are the "spot welds" that connect it to its neighbors
intercalated discs
78
Where are the nucleus located in myocardium?
located centrally
79
______ layer prevents clots from happening
endothelium layer of endocardium
80
_____ layer or endocardium that is dense irregular CT
Subendothelial Connective Tissue
81
_____ layer of endocardium, connective tissue layer next to myocardium that contains small vessels and nerves to the myocardium.
Subendocardium
82
Reminder to look at this slide
Look at this slide
83
The fibrous skeleton of the heart is a layer of insulating _____ that electrically isolates ____ from _____
connective tissue atria from ventricles
84
What is contracting during systole?
Ventricles
85
What is contracting during diastole?
Atria
86
Atroventricular valves are _____ during systole
Closed
87
Semilunar valves are _____ during diastole
closed
88
When listening to the valves, where do you position your stethoscope for the aortic semilunar?
right 2nd intercostal space next to the sternum
89
When listening to the valves, where do you position your stethoscope for the pulmonary semilunar?
left 2nd intercostal space next to sternum
90
When listening to the valves, where do you position your stethoscope for the tricuspid?
left 5th intercostal space next to sternum
91
When listening to the valves, where do you position your stethoscope for the bicuspid?
left 5th intercostal space in midaxillary line

JKC Anatomy- Spring '24 (14 decks)

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