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JKC Anatomy- Spring '24 > Back 2/3 > Flashcards

Back 2/3 Flashcards

1
Q

Correctly identify:
-Vertebral artery and vein
-Vertebral Body
-Spinous process
-Spinal cord covered by pia mater

A

5
4
8
3

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2
Q

Correctly Identify:
-Dura and arachnoid mater
-Subarchnoid space & CSF
-Spinal Nerve
-Vertebral venous plexus and fat in epidural space (vertebral canal)

A

1
2
6
7

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3
Q

Correctly Identify:
Anterior Horn
Spinal Nerve
Posterior Root
Posterior Root Ganglion

A

2- Anterior Horn (Gray Matter)
5- Spinal Nerve
9- Posterior Root
8- Posterior Root Ganglion

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4
Q

Correctly Identify:
- Posterior Horn
- Recurrent meningeal nerve
- Anterior Rami
- Posterior Rami
- Anterior Root

A

1- Posterior Horn
3-Recurrent meningeal nerve
6- Anterior Rami
7- Posterior Rami
4- Anterior Root

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5
Q

Lower motor neuron cell bodies

A

Anterior horn

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6
Q

Lower motor axons

A

Anterior Roots

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7
Q

Sensory neuron cell bodies

A

Posterior horn

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8
Q

Sensory axons

A

Posterior Roots

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9
Q

Sensory neuron cell bodies

A

Posterior Root Ganglion

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10
Q

Mixed motor and sensory axons

A

Spinal nerves

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11
Q

Motor and sensory axons to muscles and skin of anterior trunk and limbs

A

Anterior Rami

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12
Q

Motor and sensory axons to muscles and skin of the back

A

Posterior Rami

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13
Q

C4 Dermatome

A

Top of shoulder

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14
Q

C6 Dermatome

A

Thumb

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15
Q

C8 Dermatome

A

5th digit of hand (pinky)

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16
Q

T4 Dermatome

A

Nipple

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17
Q

T10 Dermatome

A

Umbilicus

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18
Q

L1 Dermatome

A

Inguinal Region

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19
Q

L4 Dermatome

A

Medial heel and ankle

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20
Q

L5 Dermatome

A

Antero-lateral leg and dorsum of foot

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21
Q

S1 Dermatome

A

Posterior lateral lower limb

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22
Q

S2 Dermatome

A

Posterior medial lower limb

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23
Q

Muscle fiber supplied by a single spinal nerve

A

Myotome

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24
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves? Where do they exit?

A

8, Exit superior the corresponding vertebra

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25
Q

How many lumbar spinal nerves? Where do they exit?

A

5, exit inferior the corresponding vertebra

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26
Q

How many coccygeal spinal nerves?

A

1-2

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27
Q

Denticulate ligaments tether the _____ ______ and _____ ______ to the dura matter.

A

pia mater and spinal cord to the dura matter.

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28
Q

_______ _______ divide posterior and anterior roots within the dural sheath

A

Denticulate ligaments

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29
Q

Correctly Identify:
Pia Mater
Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Subarachnoid Space (full of CSF)
Denticulate ligament

A

3- Pia Mater
5- Dura Mater
4- Arachnoid Mater
1- Subarachnoid Space (full of CSF)
2- Denticulate ligament

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30
Q

Identify:
Arachnoid Mater
Dura Mater
Denticulate Ligament
Pia Mater

A

2- Arachnoid Mater
1- Dura Mater
4- Denticulate Ligament
3- Pia Mater

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31
Q

What level does the spinal cord terminate in normal adults?

A

around L2

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32
Q

Anterior and posterior roots that stretch below the end of the spinal cord are called _____

A

Cauda equina

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33
Q

The T12 vertebral body is more closely related to the cervical or lumbar region?

A

Lumbar

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34
Q

The L1 vertebral body is in close association with _____ spinal cord segments

A

Sacral

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35
Q

The tip of the spinal cord is called the ____ _______.

A

Conus medullaris

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36
Q

The conus medullaris is tethered to the coccyx by the _____ ______.

A

Filum terminale

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37
Q

What type of “material” is the filum terminale?

A

Pia mater

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38
Q

Identify:
Filum Terminale
Conus Medullaris

A

2- Filum Terminale
1- Conus medullaris

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39
Q

The dural sac extends to ____ level

A

~S2

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40
Q

What 2 places can anesthetic be injected along the spine?

A

Epidural space and sacral hiatus

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41
Q

What is another name for a lumbar puncture?

A

Spinal tap

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42
Q

What space do you insert into when doing a spinal tap?

A

Subarachnoid Space

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43
Q

What 2 places do you insert for anesthetic injection?

A

1 and 3

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44
Q

What place do you insert when doing a spinal tap?

A

2

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45
Q

Identify:
Sacral Hiatus
Cauda Equine
Conus Medullaris

A

4- Sacral Hiatus
5- Cauda Equine
6- Conus Medullaris

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46
Q

What structures would you encounter on a midline tap?

A

Skin
Subcutaneous fat
Thoracolumbar fascia
Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
(No ligamentum flavum on the exact midline)
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space

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47
Q

Identify:
Intervertebral Foramina
Superior Vertebral Notch
Inferior Vertebral Notch

A

3- Intervertebral Foramina
1- Superior Vertebral Notch
2- Inferior Vertebral Notch

48
Q

A herniated nucleus pulposus or narrowing of the intervertebral foramen may cause _____ and motor signs along a spinal segment

A

Sensory

49
Q

______ is only in the back and/or gluteal area without radiation into the lower limbs

A

Non-Radicular pain

50
Q

Name some causes of non-nerve injuries:

A

muscle/tendon strain, ligament sprain, discitis, arthritis or fractures

51
Q

A herniated nucleus pulposus in the lumbar region generally affects the spinal nerve at the level ______.

A

Below

52
Q

A cervical HNP will primarily affect the nerve exiting at the _____ level

A

same

53
Q

Describe the Spurling’s test:

A

Extend, rotate and side bend w/compression (cervical spine)

54
Q

Describe the compression test

A

Push down on the head to compress the intervertebral foramen

55
Q

Describe the distraction test

A

Pull up the chin and occiput to see if pain decreases

56
Q

Pathway of a facet joint injection:

A

Skin
Subcutaneous fat
Extrinsic back muscles
Erector spinae muscles
Transversospinalis muscles
Joint capsule

57
Q

Where do the anterior and posterior spinal arteries arise from?

A

the vertebral arteries

58
Q

Define extrinsic muscles:

A

originating elsewhere

59
Q

Define Intrinsic back muscles

A

develop in the back

60
Q

In the back, extrinsic muscles are ______ to intrinsic muscles

A

superficial

61
Q

Identify:
-Non-back muscles
-Extrinsic back muscles
-Deep Layer of intrinsic back muscles
-Superficial and intermediate layers of intrinsic back muscles

A

1-Non-back muscles
2-Extrinsic back muscles
4-Deep Layer of intrinsic back muscles
3-Superficial and intermediate layers of intrinsic back muscles

62
Q

Non- back muscles are innervated by:

A

Anterior Rami

63
Q

Extrinsic back muscles are innervated by:

A

Cranial nerves (Not innervated by posterior rami)

64
Q

Superficial and Intermediate Layers of Intrinsic muscles are innervated by:

A

Posterior Rami

65
Q

Deep Layer of Intrinsic back muscles are innervated by:

A

Posterior Rami

66
Q

Identify:
-Non-back muscles
-Superficial and Intermediate Layers of Intrinsic Back Muscles
- Extrinsic Back Muscle
- Deep Layer of Intrinsic Back Muscles

A

4-Non-back muscles
2-Superficial and Intermediate Layers of Intrinsic Back Muscles
3- Extrinsic Back Muscle
1- Deep Layer of Intrinsic Back Muscles

67
Q

3 components of the triangle of auscultation

A

Latissimus dorsi, scapula, trapezius

68
Q

3 components of the lumbar triangle

A

Latissimus dorsi, iliac crest, external abdominal oblique

69
Q

Identify:
-Trapezius
- Levator Scapulae
- Rhomboid Minor and Major
- Serratus posterior inferior

A

2-Trapezius
8- Levator Scapulae
7- Rhomboid Minor and Major
6- Serratus posterior inferior

70
Q

Identify:
-Latissimus dorsi
-Triangle of auscultation
-Lumbar Triangle
-Thoracolumbar fascia

A

3-Latissimus dorsi
1-Triangle of auscultation
4-Lumbar Triangle
5-Thoracolumbar fascia

71
Q

______ is the origin of the erector spinae muscles

A

thoracolumbar fascia

72
Q

Define aponeurosis

A

a thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect your muscles to your bones

73
Q

The thoracolumbar fascia acts as aponeurosis for the ______ and ________.

A

latissimus dorsi and serratus posterior inferior muscles

74
Q

proximal attachments for Trapezius

A

External occipital protuberance (back of skull), cervical to mid-thoracic spinous processes

75
Q

Distal attachments of Trapezius

A

Distal attachment: Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

76
Q

Function of the Trapezius

A

Elevate, retract and depress the scapula

77
Q

Proximal attachments of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Mid-thoracic to sacral spinous processes (through the thoracolumbar fascia) and iliac crest

78
Q

Distal attachments of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Intertubercular sulcus (proximal humerus)

79
Q

Major functions of the Latissimus Dorsi

A

Adduct arm from an abducted position; extend arm from a flexed position

80
Q

Identify:
- Levator Scapulae
-Rhomboid Major
-Rhomboid Minor

A

1- Levator Scapulae
3-Rhomboid Major
2-Rhomboid Minor

81
Q

Proximal attachment of the Levator Scapulae

A

Transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae

82
Q

Distal attachment of the Levator Scapulae

A

Superior angle of scapula

83
Q

Proximal attachment of Rhomboid Major and Minor

A

Lower cervical to upper thoracic spinous processes

84
Q

Distal attachment of Rhomboid Major and Minor

A

Medial border of scapula

85
Q

Function of the Rhomboid Major and Minor

A

Retract scapula

86
Q

Superficial Layer of Intrinsic Back Muscles are the ______.

A

Splenius muscles

87
Q

Identify:
-Splenius Capitis Muscle
-Splenius Cervicis Muscle

A

1-Splenius Capitis Muscle
2-Splenius Cervicis Muscle

88
Q

Splenius muscles proximal attachment

A

cervical and upper thoracic spinous processes

89
Q

Splenius cervicis distal attachment

A

transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae

90
Q

Slenius capitis attaches to the…..

A

mastoid process and occipital bone

91
Q

Erector spinae originate from the…..

A

iliac crest, sacrum as well as more superior spinous and transverse processes.

92
Q

Identify:
- Erector spinae muscle group
-Iliocostalis
- Spinalis
- Longissimus

A

4- Erector spinae muscle group
3-Iliocostalis
1- Spinalis
2- Longissimus

93
Q

_____ attach lateral to costal angle

A

Iliocostalis

94
Q

_____ attach medial to costal angle

A

Longissimus

95
Q

______ originates from spinous processes and attach to more superior spinous processes

A

Spinalis

96
Q

All ______ attach from transverse process to more superior spinous processes

A

transversospinalis muscles

97
Q

Rotatores: span ____ levels
Multifidi: span ___levels
Semispinalis: span ____ levels

A

1-2
3-4
5-6

98
Q

Identify:
- Multifidus lumborum
- Rotatores thoracis
-Semispinalis cervicis
- Semispinalis capitis

A

2- Multifidus lumborum
1- Rotatores thoracis
3-Semispinalis cervicis
4- Semispinalis capitis

99
Q

The minor deep muscles of the back (along with the rotatores) are _____ and are more involved with _______ than movement

A

Small, proprioception

100
Q

What small muscles are extremely painful when torn

A

Minor Deep Intrinsic Muscles:
Suboccipital muscles
Interspinalis
Levatores costorum
Intertransversarii

101
Q

Identify:
- Intertransversarii
- Levatores costorum
- Interspinalis
- Suboccipital Muscles

A

4- Intertransversarii
3- Levatores costorum
2- Interspinalis
1- Suboccipital Muscles

102
Q

The four suboccipital muscles are ____ of the head and upper cervical region.

A

extensors

103
Q

The four suboccipital muscles also carry _________ from the region

A

proprioceptive input

104
Q

Identify:
-Rectus capitis posterior major
- Rectus capitis posterior minor
- Obliquus capitis superior
- Obliquus capitis inferior

A

3-Rectus capitis posterior major
1- Rectus capitis posterior minor
2- Obliquus capitis superior
4- Obliquus capitis inferior

105
Q

A sheet of connective tissue that originates from the rectus capitis posterior minor pierces the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane to fuse with the dura mater

A

Myodural Bridge

106
Q

Mydodural bridge is a direct connection between ______ and the _______ makes it a consideration when treating headache

A

pain-sensitive dura and the posterior neck muscles

107
Q

Identify:
- Atlas
- Axis
- Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A

7- Atlas
2- Axis
4- Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

108
Q

Identify:
- Rectus Capitis posterior minor
- Rectus Capitis posterior minor
- Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
- Obliquus Capitis Inferior

A

5- Rectus Capitis posterior minor
6- Rectus Capitis posterior minor
1- Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
3- Obliquus Capitis Inferior

109
Q

When standing upright, the 5 large postural muscles are active include:

A
  1. Erector spinae
  2. Multifidus lumborum
  3. Semispinalis muscles
  4. Abdominal muscles
  5. Psoas major
110
Q

Besides the 5 large postural muscles, what else assists in supporting the weight of the body?

A

The normal curvatures of the spine

111
Q

Mid-thoracic region, what 2 ligaments blend together?

A

Supraspinous and nuchal ligament blend

112
Q

Identify:
- Posterior Median Furrow
-Medial Border of Scapulae
- Rhomboid
- Erector spinae
- Nuchal groove

A

5- Posterior Median Furrow
3-Medial Border of Scapulae
4- Rhomboid
7- Erector spinae
1- Nuchal groove

113
Q

Identify:
- Vertebra prominens (C7)
- Dimples indicating posterior superior iliac spines
- Intergluteal cleft
- Posterior site of Sacrum
-Latissimus Dorsi

A

2- Vertebra prominens (C7)
8- Dimples indicating posterior superior iliac spines
10- Intergluteal cleft
9- Posterior site of Sacrum
6-Latissimus Dorsi

114
Q

Identify:
- Iliac Crest
- Sacral Hiatus
- S2 spinous process
- Tip of Coccyx

A

8- Iliac Crest
4- Sacral Hiatus
2- S2 spinous process
6- Tip of Coccyx

115
Q

Identify:
- Sacral Triangle
- Iliac Tubercle
- Median Sacral Crest
- Lumbar Spinous processes

A

11- Sacral Triangle
9- Iliac Tubercle
3- Median Sacral Crest
1- Lumbar Spinous processes

116
Q

Identify:
-L4/L5 IV Disc
- Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
- Coccyx
- Intergluteal cleft

A

7-L4/L5 IV Disc
10- Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
5- Coccyx
12- Intergluteal cleft

117
Q

The supracristal plane includes what 3 things?

A
  1. High points of the iliac crest
  2. L4 Spinous Process
  3. L4/L5 IV Disc

JKC Anatomy- Spring '24 (14 decks)

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