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jkc anatomy- spring '24 > Pelvis 1+2+3+4- Exam 4 > Flashcards

Pelvis 1+2+3+4- Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 muscles make up the levator ani?

A

Pubo-rectalis
Pubo-coccygeus
Ilio-coccygeus

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2
Q

What 4 muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Pubo-rectalis
Pubo-coccygeus
Ilio-coccygeus
Coccygeus

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3
Q

What are the components of the urogenital triangle?

A

-inferior pubic rami
-ischiopubic ramus
-ischial tuberosity
-superficial transverse perineal muscle

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4
Q

What are the 2 fossas of the pelvis? Why are they important?

A

ischio-anal fossae

anterior recesses of ischio-anal fossae

because bacteria can spread through subq fat very easily

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5
Q

What is within the superficial perineal space?

A

contains muscles and erectile tissues of penis/clitoris

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6
Q

What is within the deep perineal space?

A

deep transverse perineal muscle and glands

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7
Q

Why does infection from the abdomen/pelvis tend to NOT spread into the thigh?

A

because of the superficial fascias and deeper fascias

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8
Q

Deep penile fascia is also known as ___

A

Buck’s fascia

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9
Q

What is another name for the corpus cavernosum

A

crus of penis

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10
Q

What muscle is the cremaster muscle derived from?

A

internal abdominal oblique

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11
Q

What gland in women can get infected easily because of its short duct?

A

Greater vestibular gland

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12
Q

When the aorta splits what two arteries does it make?

A

Right and left common iliac

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13
Q

Superior vesicals supplies what organ?

A

superior bladder

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14
Q

**What are the two artery variations in the pelvis?

A
  1. Obturator arteries comes off the external iliac instead of the internal iliac (normal)
  2. Inferior gluteal comes off the superior gluteal instead of the internal iliac (normal)
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15
Q

Go back and rewatch the pelvis 1 around 1:42 to quiz yourself on the empty pictures

A

DO IT!

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16
Q

What arteries goes into the corpus cavernosum?

A

deep artery of the penis/clitoris

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17
Q

The ______ is the region posterior to the peritoneal lining

A

retroperitoneum

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18
Q

What 4 things does the retroperitoneum contain?

A

kidneys, ureters, suprarenal (adrenal) glands and the great vessels of the abdomen and pelvis

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19
Q

What does the deep pelvic space contain?

A

urinary bladder, rectum and reproductive viscera

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20
Q

Where do you surgically access the retroperitoneum and kidneys?

A

Posteriorly:

Right: below the 12th rib

Left: between the 11th and 12th rib

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21
Q

Paranephric fat is found where?

A

surrounding the kidney but more outside than Perinephric fat

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22
Q

Perinephric fat is found where?

A

directly surrounding the kidney, paranephric fat surrounds the peri

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23
Q

Perinephric abscesses can result from ____ and ____

A

UTIs or nephric abscesses

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24
Q

Where do the upper ureter receive its blood supply from?

A

renal artery

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25
Q

Where does the middle ureter receive its blood supply from?

A

aorta

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26
Q

In the abdomen you never want to pull the ureter ____

A

laterally

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27
Q

In the pelvis, you never want to pull the ureter ____

A

medially

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28
Q

Ureters pass ___ to gonadal arteries and ____ to uterine arteries

A

posterior

inferior

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29
Q

ureters pass ____ to the iliac vessel

A

anterior

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30
Q

____ is constantly being produced

A

urine (and bile)

31
Q

What causes the ureter flap to close?

A

increased pressure

32
Q

The proximal ureter has a ___ layer of smooth muscle

A

thin

muscularis externa

33
Q

Distal ureter has a ____ layer of smooth muscle

A

thick

muscle layer increases in thickness as you go down

34
Q

Where are the three normal places kidney stones lodge?

A

Renal pelvis
Crossing pelvic brim & common iliac vessels
Entry into bladder wall

35
Q

What do you order if you suspect a kidney stone?

A

KUB CT scan without contrast

36
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

A

water on the kidney

37
Q

What is the smooth muscle of the bladder called?

A

detrusor muscle

38
Q

What is the role of the adrenal capsule?

A

Protection and separation from
nearby structures

39
Q

What is the role of the adrenal cortex?

A

secretes Mineralcorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Gonadocorticoids

40
Q

What is the role of the adrenal medulla?

A

secretes Chromaffin cells: epinephrine & norepinephrine

41
Q

What is the deepest recess in a female?

A

rectouterine pouch

42
Q

Medial umbilical fold goes to what artery?

A

internal iliac artery

43
Q

Lateral umbilical fold covers what vessels?

A

inferior epigastric vessels to external iliac

44
Q

If you trace the median umbilical fold, where will it lead to back to??

A

towards the bladder

45
Q

What is the deepest space in males?

A

rectovesicle pouch

46
Q

What is the space between ascending colon and body wall?

A

right paracolic gutter

47
Q

the ____ dead ends at the phrenicococoic ligament

A

left paracolic gutter

48
Q

fluid in the (right/left) infracolic space cannot move superiorly

A

left

49
Q

Fluid in the (right/left) paracolic gutter can reach the area posterior to the liver and possibly move through the ______ to reach the omental sac.

A

right

omental foramen

50
Q

What is it called when the uterus is laying slightly forward? Backward?

A

anteversion

retroversion

51
Q

What is called when the uterus is bent foward? backward?

A

anteflexion

retroflexion

52
Q

What are parts of the adnexa?

A

broad ligament
ovarian ligament
round ligament of uterus
oviduct
suspensory ligament of ovary
ovary

53
Q

What is covering the ovarian artery and vein?

A

suspensory ligament of ovary

54
Q

What three things make up the broad ligament?

A

Mesometrium – connects to uterus
Mesovarium – connects to the ovary
Mesosalpynx – connects to the oviduct

55
Q

Parts of the broad ligament: _____ connects to uterus

A

Mesometrium

56
Q

Parts of the broad ligament: _____ connects to ovary

A

mesovarium

57
Q

Parts of the broad ligament: _____ connects to oviduct

A

mesosalpynx

58
Q

What are the little fingers extending off the infundibulum?

A

fimbria

59
Q

_____ is the leftover male drainage apparatus during development

A

epoophoron

60
Q

What veins make the portal vein?

A

splenic and superior mesenteric

61
Q

Testes/ovarian nodes drain directly to ____

A

lumbar (para-aortic) nodes

62
Q

Be able to draw this flow

A

be able to draw this flow

63
Q

Why are superficial inguinal nodes special?

A

they are extremely superficial so easy to palpate them

64
Q

Describe a cancerous lymph node, what would it present like?

A

firm, not mobile, not painful

65
Q

Describe an infected lymph node, what would it present like?

A

red, painful,swollen, mobile

66
Q

Carcinomas (cancers derived from _____) commonly metastasize through _____

A

epithelium

lymphatics

67
Q

Sarcomas (cancers derived from _____) commonly metastasize through _____

A

mesoderm

veins

68
Q

Lymph from both lower limbs and the abdominopelvic viscera collects in a large sac (sometimes multiple) called the ______.

A

cisterna chyli

69
Q

After the cisterna chyli, From there lymph flows superiorly through the _____ to the ______

A

thoracic duct

left subclavian vein

70
Q

Lymph from the right upper limb and right head and neck drains to the _______

A

right subclavian vein

71
Q

Draw the generic lymph flow for the entire body

A
72
Q

Before reaching the left subclavian vein, lymph in the thoracic duct will usually encounter the ______

A

left supraclavicular lymph nodes.

73
Q

What is the arrow pointing to? What does it indicate?

A

Virchow’s nodes

cancer in the abdominopelvic organs

jkc anatomy- spring '24 (14 decks)

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