Abdominal Disorders

Question 1

The process of digestion starts with _________________.

Answer 1

mastication

Question 2

When stretched out, the small intestine is about ______ feet long.

Answer 2

22

Question 3

The _____________, ____________ and _____________ are the three sections of the small intestine.

Answer 3

duodenum

jejunum

ilium

Question 4

The duodenum is ______ foot long.

Answer 4

one

Question 5

The jejunum is about ______ feet long and is responsible for most of the chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Answer 5

8

Question 6

The final section of the bowel is the ileum and it is ________ feet.

Answer 6

13

Question 7

The _______ is the largest reservoir of blood in the body, even a small laceration to the liver can cause extensive blood loss.

Answer 7

liver

Question 8

Food progresses through the GI tract by a process called ____________.

Answer 8

motility

Question 9

_____________ pain occurs when the walls of the hollow organs are stretched, thereby activating the stretch receptors.

Answer 9

Visceral

Question 10

_____________ pain is caused by an irritation of the nerve fibers in the parietal peritoneum or other deep tissues, such as those of the musculoskeletal system.

Answer 10

Somatic (Parietal)

Question 11

When pain emanates from a site other than its origin, it is said to be ________________ pain.

Answer 11

referred

Question 12

______________ affects about 5 million people in the US and its the most common cause of GI bleeding, representing about 60% of cases.

Answer 12

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Question 13

________________ are dilated veins as a result of mounting pressure damaging the vessels walls and weakening the venous structure.

Answer 13

Esophogeal and Gastric Varices

Question 14

_________________ is a rupture of the esophagus as a consequence of hyperemesis gravidarium, childbirth, violent coughing, seizures, status asthmaticus, weight lifting, certain neurologic disorders, or explosive vomiting after an excessive intake of food and drink.

Answer 14

Boerhaave’s Syndrome

Question 15

________________ is an inflammatory process in which premature activation of pancreatic enzymes cause the pancreas to begin to digest itself, resulting in pain and necrosis s the inflammation spreads.

Answer 15

acute pancreatitis

Question 16

______________, also called delayed gastric emptying, is a medical condition consisting of paresis (partial paralysis) of the stomach, resulting in food remaining in the stomach for an abnormally long time.

Answer 16

Gastroparesis

Question 17

____________ is typically caused by an infection or the buildup of fluid in the appendix.

Answer 17

Appendicitis

Question 18

_______________ is caused by an occlusion of the mesenteric arty or vein.

Answer 18

Mesenteric Ischemia

Question 19

Gastric _______________, a condition in which the stomach rotates more than 180 degrees, is a rare event that has been documented in only 400 cases in the US.

Answer 19

volvulus

Question 20

_________________ occurs when a portion of the bowel telescopes into an adjacent portion of the intestine, thereby occluding passage of intestinal contents and diminishing blood flow to the area.

Answer 20

Intussception

Question 21

The presence of excessive ______________ in the bloodstream, which gives the skin, mucous membranes and eyes a distinct yellow color, is called jaundice.

Answer 21

Bilirubin

Question 22

_______________ simply means inflammation of the liver.

Answer 22

Hepatitis

Question 23

____________ is typically spread from person to person through the fecal-oral route.

Answer 23

Hepatitis A

Question 24

___________ is most prevalent in blood, wound discharge, and semen and vaginal fluid, but can be found in most bodily secretions, including saliva, stools, tears and urine.

Answer 24

Hepatitis B

Question 25

________________ has a prevalence of about 3 million persons in the US and is linked to blood transfusions, unsafe needle sharing practices, and accidental exposure of healthcare workers to the blood of infected patients.

Answer 25

Hepatitis C

Question 26

_____________ sets in when hepatitis progresses to hepatic necrosis.

Answer 26

Fulminant hepatic failure

Question 27

_______________ remains one of the most often cited reasons for seeking medical care.

Answer 27

Abdominal Pain

Question 28

When empty, the stomach has numerous folds, or _________, allowing it to expand and accommodate 1-1.5 L of food and fluid

Answer 28

rugae

Question 29

The __________ performs more than 200 functions in the body.

Answer 29

liver

Question 30

The _________________ is a pear shaped organ housed just below the liver.

Answer 30

gallbladder

Question 31

The _____________ nerve, part of the parasympathetic nervous system, innervates the GI tract to the level of the transverse colon.

Answer 31

vagus

Question 32

The vagus nerve has a secretory function and helps stimulate _______________.

Answer 32

vomiting

Question 33

The _____________________ is the primary site for absorption of fluid and nutrients.

Answer 33

small intestine

Question 34

The ___________________ is the primary site of absorption of water and salts.

Answer 34

large intestine

Question 35

___________ sign is when pain from a ruptured spleen is referred to the tip of the left shoulder.

Answer 35

Kehr's

Question 36

__________________ before palpating, as palpating the abdomen before listening to it can alter findings by artificially increasing bowel sounds.

Answer 36

Auscultate

Question 37

It is important the patient is _____________ during palpation, because abdominal rigidity and guarding caused by anxiety can make findings less reliable

Answer 37

relaxed

Question 38

___________________ has been found to the cause of 60-70% of peptic ulcers over the past decade.

Answer 38

Helicobacter pylori

Question 39

_____________ in peptic ulcer disease can be severe.

Answer 39

Bleeding

Question 40

____________ occur when blood flow through the liver is restricted (portal hypertension)

Answer 40

varices

Question 41

_____________ sign is a blue discoloration around the umbilicus.

Answer 41

Cullen's

Question 42

_______________ sign is a blue discoloration around the flanks.

Answer 42

Grey Turner's

Question 43

______________ has been named as the most common cause of gastroparesis.

Answer 43

Diabetes

Question 44

___________________- is an emergent event in which stool, a foreign body, or a mechanical process obstructs passage of intestinal contents.

Answer 44

Intestinal Obstruction

Question 45

_____________________, the second leading cause of illness in the US, is characterized by watery stools, diarrhea, and vomiting.

Answer 45

Acute Gastroenteritis

Question 46

The ________________ is responsible for most cases of acute gastroenteritis in adults.

Answer 46

norovirus

Question 47

_________________ overdose is one of the most common causes of acute liver injury.

Answer 47

Acetaminophen

Question 48

__________________ is an enlargement of part of the aorta caused by a weakness in the vascular wall.

Answer 48

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Question 49

________________ syndrome is an extremely rare vascular disorder resulting from occlusion of the major hepatic veins or inferior vena cava.

Answer 49

Budd-Chiari

Question 50

______________________ the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, is responsible for approximately 30% of all cases of bleeding during the second half of pregnancy.

Answer 50

Placenta Abruptio

Question 51

________________, which occurs in 6-8% of pregnancies, is characterized by hypertension nd protein in the urine.

Answer 51

Preeclampsia

Question 52

______________ is implantation of the fertilized ovum outside of the uterus.

Answer 52

Ectopic Pregnancy

Question 53

_________________ is a bacterial infection of the kidneys.

Answer 53

Pyelonephritis

Question 54

_______________ is the permanent loss of kidney function.

Answer 54

Chronic Kidney Disease

Question 55

_____________ is defined as having a body mass index of 40 or higher.

Answer 55

Morbid Obesity

Question 56

The speed at which the stomach empties its contents into the lower digestive tract is known as the _________________________.

Answer 56

rate of gastric emptying

Question 57

The duodenum receives the semifluid, partially digested stomach contents, or _____________, as well as exocrine secretions from the liver and pancreas.

Answer 57

chyme

Question 58

____________'s primary function is to assist in digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins.

Answer 58

Bile

Question 59

______________ is the process of breaking down food into components to be used for nutrition for the body at the cellular level.

Answer 59

Digestion

Question 60

A structured, coordinated muscular response known as ________________- is required for the process of digestion to be successful.

Answer 60

peristalsis

Question 61

The ____________ nerve stimulates the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal.

Answer 61

pelvic

Question 62

As the patients blood volume begins to drop, the body compensates by releasing ________________.

Answer 62

catecholamines

Question 63

Pain when the pressure is released, known as __________________ is a classic sign of peritoneal irritation.

Answer 63

rebound tenderness

Question 64

___________________ most often associated with chronic excessive alcohol use, is the most common cause of increasing varices.

Answer 64

portal hypertension

Question 65

_________________ is frequently caused by autonomic neuropathy.

Answer 65

Gastroparesis

Question 66

Patients with ______________ have pain localized to the right lower quadrant or right lower back.

Answer 66

appendicitis

Question 67

Other signs and symptoms include fever, nausea and vomiting, and a positive ___________ sign, which is quite specific to appendicitis.

Answer 67

psoas

Question 68

_________________ is a specific form of liver disease that presents with elevated ammonia levels and altered mental status.

Answer 68

Hepatic encephalopathy

Question 69

_________________ is the inflammation of the bile ducts.

Answer 69

Cholangitis