Neurologic Disorders

Question 1

Any decrease in a person’s alertness, difficulty with cognition, or behavior that departs from what is normal for that person constitutes ________________.

Answer 1

altered mental status

Question 2

New evidence suggests that an adult brain can create new neurons in a process called _____________.

Answer 2

neurogenesis

Question 3

The _________________, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, accounts of r98% of all neural tissues in the body.

Answer 3

central nervous system

Question 4

The innermost meninx, which attaches directly to the brain’s surface, is a delicate membrane called the ___________________.

Answer 4

pia mater

Question 5

The middle layer of the meninges is a tangle of collagen and elastin fibers that takes its name from its appearance. The mesh like vascular network of this meninx is known as the ________________________.

Answer 5

arachnoid membrane

Question 6

The outermost meninx, which lines the cranial vault, contains arteries that supply the bones of the skull is called the _____________________.

Answer 6

dura mater

Question 7

the ______________ space is between the dura mater and the skull.

Answer 7

epidural

Question 8

The ___________ space is between the dura and the subarachnoid membranes.

Answer 8

subdural space

Question 9

The capillaries that nourish the brain have a specific lining with tight junctions between cells forming a protective barrier between blood and the brain’s extracellular fluid known as the _____________________.

Answer 9

blood brain barrier

Question 10

The brain can be divided into four parts:

Answer 10

Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brainstem

Question 11

The _______________ coordinates movements, balance and posture.

Answer 11

cerebellum

Question 12

In a syndrome called ________________, the patient initially appears to be grossly psychotic and may exhibit strength out of proportion to your expectations.

Answer 12

excited delirium

Question 13

____________ refers to a loss of muscular control and coordination causing truncal instability, gait unsteadiness, abnormal eye movements, or difficulty with precision of movements of the extremities, such as distance finding or rapid alternating movements.

Answer 13

Ataxia

Question 14

_____________________ refers to any localized loss of neurologic function, such as weakness or numbness in part or all of an extremity or one side of the face.

Answer 14

Focal Neurological Deficit

Question 15

A ___________, sometimes called a brain attack, is a brain injury occurring when blood flow to the brain is obstructed or interrupted, causing brain cells to die.

Answer 15

Stroke

Question 16

A _____________ is a blood clot or a cholesterol plaque forming in an artery.

Answer 16

Thrombus

Question 17

A ______________ is a clot or plaque that forms elsewhere in the circulatory system, breaks off, and obstructs blood flow when it becomes lodged in a smaller artery.

Answer 17

embolus

Question 18

Unilateral weakness is called:

Answer 18

hemiparesis

Question 19

Please recognize that 85% of patients will have an _______________-type stroke.

Answer 19

ischemic

Question 20

Paralysis on one side of the body

Answer 20

hemiplegia

Question 21

____________________ is a general inflammation of the brain causing focal or diffuse brain function.

Answer 21

Encephalitis

Question 22

___________________ is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 22

Meningitis

Question 23

The resistance to flexing/extending the neck

Answer 23

nuchal rigidity

Question 24

______________ is unilateral face paralysis that has an abrupt onset and uncertain cause.

Answer 24

Bell Palsy

Question 25

________________ syndrome is a disorder in which the nerve roots exiting from the end of the final cord in the lower lumbar and sacral region of the spine become compressed, causing lower extremity pain, weakness and paralysis.

Answer 25

Cauda Equina

Question 26

__________________ refers to a group of acute immune-mediated polyneuropathies, demyelinating disorders that cause weakness, numbness, or paralysis throughout the body.

Answer 26

Guillan-Barre syndrome

Question 27

Patients with neurological problems are vulnerable and at risk for ________________.

Answer 27

decompensation

Question 28

The tiny ___________________, not much bigger than a cherry pit, is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body.

Answer 28

hypothalamus

Question 29

_________________- is an acute alteration in mental status characterized by waxing and waning impairment of awareness, orientation and cognition and sometimes is associated with hallucinations or delusions.

Answer 29

Delirium

Question 30

When patients complain of _____________, it is essential to differentiate whether the patient is referring to light-headedness versus feeling of spinning.

Answer 30

dizziness

Question 31

Patients with a __________________ may have photophobia.

Answer 31

migraine

Question 32

Vertigo may be due to the dysfunction of the vestibular system, usually the inner ear. This is commonly referred to as ____________________.

Answer 32

peripheral vertigo

Question 33

When ventilation is impaired PaCO2 climbs to dangerous levels, causing confusion, drowsiness, tremor and convulsions. This condition is known as ___________

Answer 33

CO2 narcosis

Question 34

According to the National Stroke Association, the term _____________________ is no longer being used by the medical community because stroke is considered to be a preventable event, not an accident.

Answer 34

Cerebrovascular Accident

Question 35

_____________ stroke is much more common than hemorrhagic stroke.

Answer 35

Ischemic

Question 36

A ______ mimics a stroke, but the symptoms resolve within 24 hours, with a majority resolving in 1 hour.

Answer 36

TIA

Question 37

A TIA precedes only ______ of 8 strokes.

Answer 37

1

Question 38

_______________________ represents about a quarter of all strokes that occur in teens and young adults, often stroking while they are engaged in physical activity.

Answer 38

Carotid Artery Dissection

Question 39

Smokers with a systolic blood pressure greater than 150 mmHg are _______ times more likely to suffer a hemorrhagic stroke, than nonsmokers.

Answer 39

9

Question 40

___________________ occurs when arteries on the brain's surface bleed into the subarachnoid space, the area between the pit mater and the arachnid mater.

Answer 40

Subarachnoid Hemorhage

Question 41

___________________ should be suspected in any patient who describes a sudden, severe headache that came on like a thunderclap.

Answer 41

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Question 42

A __________ hematoma is a collection of blood between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane.

Answer 42

subdural

Question 43

Typically, ___________ is the only etiology of an epidural hematoma.

Answer 43

trauma

Question 44

Increased ICP may cause Cushing's Triad:

Answer 44

widened pulse pressure Bradycardia Irregular Respiratory Pattern

Question 45

________________ is a blood clot that forms in the veins and dural sinuses of the brain.

Answer 45

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Question 46

_____________ plays a key role in the metabolism of carbohydrates.

Answer 46

Thiamine

Question 47

______________ is a transparent, slightly yellowish fluid that acts as a shock absorber and energy source for the brain.

Answer 47

CSF

Question 48

Cerebral blood flow is affected by the serum level of _______________.

Answer 48

Carbon Dioxide

Question 49

The left hemisphere is called the _____________ brain.

Answer 49

logical

Question 50

The right hemisphere is known as the _____________ brain.

Answer 50

creative

Question 51

________________ is a loss of consciousness associated with decreased brain perfusion.

Answer 51

Syncope

Question 52

Peripheral vertigo is due to a disruption in the vestibular system or ____________ cranial nerve.

Answer 52

8th

Question 53

Ipsilateral vision changes (on the same side of the body as the headache) occur with _____________.

Answer 53

temporal arteritis

Question 54

The time limit for administration of __________ is based on when the patient was last known to be normal.

Answer 54

TPA

Question 55

The ________________ supply the brain with oxygenated blood.

Answer 55

internal carotid arteries

Question 56

In a subarachnoid hemorrhage, the volume of blood may cause a ____________.

Answer 56

mass shift

Question 57

____________ is a common complaint if nerve palsy is present, and patients should be asked about double vision.

Answer 57

Diplopia

Question 58

__________________ is most often a viral infection that damages brain parenchyma.

Answer 58

Encephalitis

Question 59

A common culprit for encephalitis is _____________.

Answer 59

Herpes Simplex

Question 60

Life-threatening acute meningitis is frequently a _____________ infection.

Answer 60

bacterial

Question 61

_____________ Sign is a positive sign when the leg is flexed at the hip and knee, and subsequent extension of the knee is painful.

Answer 61

Kernig's

Question 62

______________ Sign is involuntary flexing of the legs in response to flexing of the neck.

Answer 62

Brudzinski's

Question 63

___________________ is a condition in which a persistent abnormality in the brain leads to recurrent seizures

Answer 63

Eilepsy

Question 64

Nearly _________% of seizures have no known cause.

Answer 64

70

Question 65

Seizures have three distinct phases:

Answer 65

preictal ictal postictal

Question 66

________________ is defined as continuous convulsions lasting for 5 or more minutes or recurrent episodes of convulsions in a 5-minute interval without return to preconvulvise neurologic baseline.

Answer 66

Status Epilepticus

Question 67

______________ refers to unilateral facial weakness due to dysfunction of the peripheral portion of the seventh cranial nerve.

Answer 67

Bell palsy

Question 68

Patients usually die in 3-5 years after diagnosis of ________________.

Answer 68

Lou Gehrig's Disease (ALS)

Question 69

_________________ syndrome is believed to represent an autoimmune response to a recent infection or to many different types of medical problems.

Answer 69

Guillain-Barre

Question 70

Abnormal levels of serotonin, epinephrine, and dopamine, or some combination of these, have al been investigated as possible causes of _______________.

Answer 70

depression