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AMLS > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

_____________ are illnesses caused by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and rarely, protein chains called prions.

A

Infectious Diseases

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2
Q

____________________ are a subset of infectious diseases made up of illnesses transmitted directly from person to person.

A

Communicable Diseases

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3
Q

A ____________ is an organism that harbors pathogens that are harmless to the organism but cause disease to a human host.

A

vector

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4
Q

____________ are single celled microorganisms that live in water, inside the human body, in organic matter, and on inorganic surfaces or objects.

A

Bacteria

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5
Q

___________, one of the smallest disease agents, must grow and multiply inside the living cells of a host.

A

Viruses

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6
Q

________ are plantlike microorganisms, most of which are not pathogenic.

A

Fungi

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7
Q

___________ are a common cause of disease where sanitation is poor, generally in developing countries, although cases are still found in developed countries.

A

Parasites

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8
Q

The _______ period begins when the pathogen enters the body by evading the host’s outermost layers of defense, such as skin or acidic mucous secretions.

A

latent

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9
Q

The ____________ period is the interval between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms.

A

incubation

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10
Q

A period of _____________ follows the latent stage. This stage lasts as long as the agent remains in the body and can be spread to other people.

A

communicability

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11
Q

_____________ is the branch of medicine concerned with studying the causes, distribution, and control of disease in a population.

A

epidemiology

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12
Q

____________________ have been associated with transmission of Hepatitis B and C viruses.

A

sharps injuries

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13
Q

The best means of preventing transmission of infection agents remains the most basic one:

A

effective hand washing

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14
Q

An __________ disease is one that is present in the community at a given baseline level over time, such as herpes or chicken pox.

A

endemic

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15
Q

An ____________ is a disease outbreak in which more than the usual number of people in a community or region become infected with the same disease.

A

epidemic

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16
Q

A __________ is an epidemic that sweeps the globe.

A

pandemic

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17
Q

A ___________ is necessary if a pathogenic agent is to leave one host to invade another.

A

portal of exit

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18
Q

The ________ is the site at which the pathogenic agent enters a new host.

A

portal of entry

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19
Q

An _________ is a molecule the immune system does not recognize as its own.

A

antigen

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20
Q

_________ increases metabolic needs, necessitating more oxygen and nutrients to carry out physiologic functions.

A

Fever

21
Q

________ is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, older people, and immunocompromised people.

A

RSV

22
Q

TB infection or _______ means only that exposure to TB has occurred.

A

latent TB

23
Q

_______ refers to active TB illness verified by laboratory testing and a positive chest radiograph.

A

TB disease

24
Q

HIV s a double-stranded _______ that attacks the immune system by infecting and destroying CD4 lymphocytes, which reduces the ability to fight off infection.

A

retrovirus

25
Q

___________ is the most common chronic blood borne infection and the leading cause of liver transplantation in the US.

A

Hepatitis C virus

26
Q

________ or Norwalk-like virus, also known as the “winter vomiting disease”, is caused by non enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses.

A

Norovirus

27
Q

___________ known as infectious Hepatitis, is the most common type of hepatitis in the US.

A

Hepatitis A virus

28
Q

Ninety percent of bloody stools culture positive for ___________.

A

E. coli bacteria

29
Q

________ is a highly infectious acute bacterial enteritis affecting the large and small intestines.

A

Shigellosis

30
Q

_________ is an acute viral infection of the CNS primarily affecting animals.

A

Rabies

31
Q

The most common initial sign of _______ is a spasm of the jaw preventing the person from opening the mouth.

A

Tetanus

32
Q

___________ is the most common tick borne disease in the US.

A

Lyme Disease

33
Q

_____________ is an illness caused by the measles virus, which can be found in an infected person’s blood, urine and pharyngeal secretions.

A

Rubeola

34
Q

A key sign of measles is the presence of ________ (whitish gray spots visible on the buccal mucosa)

A

Koplik Spots

35
Q

_________ or German measles, is also caused by a virus found in respiratory secretions.

A

Rubella

36
Q

_____________ is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, a member of the herpesvirus family.

A

Chickenpox

37
Q

_____________ transmission of a communicable disease occurs when the droplets of an infected person are spread during close person-to-person contact.

A

droplet

38
Q

Only supportive care is required to treat most ____________ illnesses.

A

viral

39
Q

The major complication of influenza is ________________.

A

pneumonia

40
Q

The ___________ is the most common screening done to determine exposure to TB.

A

PPD Test

41
Q

_______________ is an inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

A

Memingitis

42
Q

_____________ is the only state whose animal population is free of rabies.

A

Hawaii

43
Q

________________________ is a tick borne illness caused by Rickettsia Rickettsi.

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

44
Q

_________________ may occur, which means the antibodies reach a detachable level and the infected person’s blood begins to test positive for exposure to the pathogen.

A

Seroconversion

45
Q

Two types of rabies may occur:

A

paralytic

furious

46
Q

__________ are the only reservoir for lice.

A

Humans

47
Q

__________ is characterized by swelling and tenderness of the parotid salivary glands, affecting one or both sides of the neck.

A

Mumps

48
Q

The gram-negative bacterium Bordatella pertussis is the organism causing ___________________.

A

whooping cough

49
Q

_______________ is caused by Bacillus anthracis, a trap-positive rod-shaped bacteria.

A

Anthrax

AMLS (12 decks)

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