Cardiovascular Disorders

Question 1

The heart is made of specialized muscle tissue called _____________.

Answer 1

myocardium

Question 2

The patient’s ___________________ is an excellent indicator of the adequacy of cerebral perfusion.

Answer 2

level of consciousness

Question 3

A _______________ occurs when the palpated radial pulse is less than the apical pulse rate

Answer 3

pulse deficit

Question 4

A ________________ is an excessive drop in systolic blood pressure with each inspired breath.

Answer 4

pulses paradoxus

Question 5

________________ occurs when the pulse alternates between strong and weak beats and typically is representative of left ventricular systolic damage.

Answer 5

pulses alternans

Question 6

Myocardial infarction is typically confirmed using proteins/enzymes specific to the heart called _________________.

Answer 6

troponins

Question 7

___________________is a life-threatening cause of chest pain, resulting from a progressive deterioration and worsening of a simple pneumothorax.

Answer 7

Tension pneumothorax

Question 8

__________________ occurs when fluid accumulates inside the pericardial sac surrounding the heart.

Answer 8

Pericardial tamponade

Question 9

____________ sign is an increase in jugular venous distention during inspiration.

Answer 9

Kussmaul’s

Question 10

________________ is a group of conditions that involve decreased blood flow to the heart muscle.

Answer 10

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Question 11

___________ angina pain usually comes on with exercise or stress and lasts 3-5 minutes, sometimes up to 15 minutes.

Answer 11

Stable

Question 12

A coronary spasm is also known as variant angina or ____________.

Answer 12

Prinzmetal Angina

Question 13

_______________ is an inflammation of the pericardium or pericardial sac.

Answer 13

Pericarditiis

Question 14

A ____________________ tear in the esophagus usually follows forceful vomiting.

Answer 14

Mallory-Weiss

Question 15

___________________ is the most common heart valve abnormality, affecting 5-10% of the world population.

Answer 15

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Question 16

The scientific and clinical definition of ________ is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

Answer 16

pain

Question 17

___________________ is an acute episode of shortness of breath in which the Patent suddenly awakens from sleep with a feeling of suffocation

Answer 17

paroxysmal nocturnal dypsnea

Question 18

____________________ is the gold standard for the diagnosis of coronary blockages and also provided the best means of treatment.

Answer 18

Coronary catheterization

Question 19

Up to one-third of individuals with a ____________________ will die.

Answer 19

pulmonary embolism

Question 20

Large clots may occlude large pulmonary vessels, the most dramatic being a _____________________ that spans the pulmonary arteries as they leave the heart.

Answer 20

saddle embolus

Question 21

If there is hypoxia and no apparent physiological explanation, a _______________ must be considered.

Answer 21

pulmonary embolism

Question 22

________________ is the most underlying cause of CHF.

Answer 22

Coronary Artery Disease

Question 23

The classic signs and symptoms of pericardial tamponade is Beck’s Triad:

Answer 23

Hypotension

Distended Jugular Veins

Muffled Heart Tones

Question 24

____________ is when the pulse decreases in size or is non palpable during inhalation.

Answer 24

Pulsus Paradoxus

Question 25

When atherosclerosis occurs within the coronary arteries, it is referred to as _________________.

Answer 25

Coronary Artery Disease

Question 26

__________________ is caused by a clot or thrombus that forms in a narrowed coronary artery where the plaque has ruptured, causing platelets to aggregate and a clot to form.

Answer 26

myocardial infarction

Question 27

Prolonged chest discomfort that continues at rest or chest discomfort that awakens the patient at night are features of __________________.

Answer 27

unstable angina

Question 28

A ____________________ is a sudden narrowing of a coronary artery that deprives the heart muscle of blood and oxygen

Answer 28

coronary spasm

Question 29

The classic pain of ______________ is improved by leaning forward and worse with lying back, presumably because the heart hangs in the chest and touches the posterior thorax when supine.

Answer 29

pericarditis

Question 30

________________- occurs when heart muscle myocytes are injured by various causes, and the heart remodels itself to accommodate, with hypertrophy or thickening of the muscle.

Answer 30

Cardiomyopathy

Question 31

__________________ refers to any inflammation of lung tissue and may be caused by a variety of conditions to include pneumonia, bronchitis, and aspiration.

Answer 31

Pneumonitis

Question 32

_________________ is the term most used to refer to painful respiration and should alert you to conduct a thorough assessment to find the cause of the pain.

Answer 32

Pleurisy

Question 33

A _____________________ should be high on your list of suspected diagnoses when assessing a pregnant patient.

Answer 33

pulmonary embolism

Question 34

The hearts smooth inner surface is called the _____________.

Answer 34

endocardium

Question 35

The hearts outer layer is called the ___________.

Answer 35

epicardium

Question 36

The __________ is a fibrous sac around the heart that provides an extra measure of protection.

Answer 36

pericardium

Question 37

The _____________ have somatic sensory innervation and thereby a patient may feel "sharp" pain/somatic pain

Answer 37

plurae

Question 38

Examine the extremities for edema and examine the back for sacral edema; these may be signs of _______-sided heart failure

Answer 38

right

Question 39

________________ can demonstrate the presence of functional ischemia.

Answer 39

Cardiac Stress Testing

Question 40

Pain with exertion is usually indicative of _________.

Answer 40

ACS

Question 41

____________ chest wall pain is usually not cardiac in nature.

Answer 41

Peripheral

Question 42

Pain that begins suddenly and is described as being worst at the onset is many times an ____________________.

Answer 42

aortic dissection

Question 43

________________ refers to air in the pleural cavity.

Answer 43

Pneumothorax

Question 44

A simple pneumothorax may occur spontaneously in patients with connective tissue diseases such as __________________.

Answer 44

Marfan Syndrome

Question 45

Remember _____________ triad: hyper coagulability, venous stasis and endothelial injury; these are the factors that increase risk of DVT's

Answer 45

Virchow's

Question 46

About _______ of patients with PE will have tachycardia.

Answer 46

50%

Question 47

With a saddle embolus, cardiac arrest will usually present with ______________.

Answer 47

PEA

Question 48

Auscultation of the heart sounds may pick up ______________ Sign, in which a crunching sound is heard during systole.

Answer 48

Hamman's

Question 49

The ___________ is the smooth inner lining of the Aorta.

Answer 49

intima

Question 50

The ____________ is made up of smooth muscle and some elastic tissue. (Aortic Lining)

Answer 50

media

Question 51

The outer, fibrous layer is the _______________ and provides a containing layer to withstand the forces exerted on the vessel.

Answer 51

adventitia

Question 52

Comparison of blood pressure in the right and left arm can indicate _____________ injury.

Answer 52

aortic branch

Question 53

With cardiac tamponade, another diagnostic sign on a 12-Lead is ______________.

Answer 53

electrical alternans

Question 54

The risk of heart attack in smokers is more than ________ that of nonsmokers.

Answer 54

twice

Question 55

Patients will sometimes develop a form of pericarditis after MI or cardiac surgery known as _________________.

Answer 55

Dressler syndrome

Question 56

In __________________, the pain is sharp and colicky and often follows ingestion of a greasy meal.

Answer 56

cholescystitis

Question 57

_________________ is an acute inflammation of the pancreas and may be caused by high blood triglycerides, gall stones, excessive alcohol use, or a host of other drugs.

Answer 57

Pancreatitis

Question 58

_________________ is the leading indication for heart transplantation.

Answer 58

Cardiomyopathy

Question 59

______________ is the only rash that follows a dermatome and is limited to one side of the body.

Answer 59

Herpes Zoster

Question 60

Productive cough and difficulty breathing are the most common symptoms of ___________________.

Answer 60

pneumonitis

Question 61

______________ is the leading cause of death in men and women in the US.

Answer 61

Heart Disease