Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
The main functions of the ______________ are to warm, filter, and humidify air as it enters the body through the nose and mouth
Upper airway
Hypertension can bring on a nosebleed by rupturing small vessels of the _____________.
lamina propria
The function of the ________________ is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
lower airway
The trachea divides into the right and left mainstream bronchi at the level of the ___________.
carina
The _________ mainstream bronchus is straighter and larger in diameter than the left, making it more susceptible to aspiration and inadvertent unilateral intubation.
right
The ____ lung shares its side of the intrathoracic space with the heart and only has two lobes.
left
_________________ takes place across the few layers of cells separating the alveoli from the pulmonary capillaries.
Gas exchange
The reciprocal passage of oxygen and carbon dioxide into the alveoli is called ______________.
respiration
The main muscle of ventilation is the ______________.
diaphragm
The diaphragm is innervated by the _________ nerve.
phrenic
Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the _____________ .
superior and inferior vena cavae
The __________________ located in the left upper thorax is the largest lymph vessel in the body.
thoracic duct
The level of _______ in the body is the primary modulator of respiration.
CO2
_______ is the chief waste product of metabolism.
CO2
________________, in which glucose is converted into energy in the presence of oxygen is the basic process of life.
Aerobic metabolism
________________ allows the cells to generate small amounts of energy but releases excessive acids as by-products, especially lactic and carbonic acids.
anaerobic
__________ is a passive process in which molecules move from an area with a higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Diffusion
Breathing occurs as the result of a buildup of CO2, which causes the pH to decrease in _________________.
cerebrospinal fluid
________________ sense changes in the composition of blood and body fluids.
chemoreceptors
A ________ is a substance that absorbs or donates Hydrogen.
buffer
The fastest way the body can get rid of excess acid is through the ___________________.
respiratory system
Sensors in the renal artery note hypoxia and then release __________________, a hormone hat stimulates the creation of red blood cells.
erythropoeiten
___________ is a condition of an elevated number of red blood cells.
polycythemia
An adult male has a total lung capacity of __________ mL.
6000
The amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath is called _____________.
tidal volume
A typical BVM holds approximately _______________ of air.
1000 - 2000
The _________________ is perhaps the most important element of patient assessment.
History of Present Illness
Hepatojugular reflex is specific to _____________-sided heart failure.
right
The normal partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood is ____________ mm Hg.
80 - 100
___________________ is most likely one of the most important assessment tools available to the EMS provider.
Waveform Capnography
________________ is a lung injury or alveolar rupture from over distention of the alveoli.
Volutrauma
The use of BiPap in Patients with COPD has been shown to reduce the need for intubation by ________%.
59
If a patient allows intubation, it was probably _______________.
neccessary
______________ is difficulty swallowing.
dysphagia
The most common sound associated with upper airway obstruction is ____________.
stridor
The inhalation of anything other than breathable gases is called _______________.
aspiration
The most common cause of upper airway obstruction in conscious and unconscious patients is the _____________.
tongue
_______________ is an extreme systemic form of an allergic reaction involving two or more body systems.
Anaphylaxis
_______________, one of the primary chemical weapons, causes the blood vessels in the local area to dilate and the capillaries to leak.
Histamine
______________ is a common disease, prompting million of ED visits a year, for 20-30% of hospital admissions.
Asthma
________________ is the collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs.
Atelecstasis
Lung infection causing fluid to collect in the alveoli is referred to as ________________.
pneumonia
The upper airway comprises all structures above the ____________.
vocal cords
_________________ is accomplished as the air picks up moisture from the soft tissues of the airway.
Humidification
The extensive vascularization of the nasal cavity and the vulnerable position of the nose make a nosebleed, or _____________ a fairly common occurrence.
epistaxis
The ____________, or windpipe is the conduit for air entry into the lungs.
trachea
Microscopic hairs called ________ help move the mucus and trapped particles up the respiratory tract to be eventually expelled by coughing or expectoration.
cilia
A chemical called ________________ coats the inner walls of the alveoli, helping keeping them open.
surfactant
________________ is a major risk factor for pneumonia.
Atelecstasis
The epithelium is made up of mucus secreting _________________ cells.
goblet
Mucus also contains an immune antibody called _______________.
Immunoglobulin A
In the lower respiratory tract, ________ can physically enter the alveoli and bronchioles by squeezing between the cell borders.
white cells
Oxygen and carbon Dioxide pass rapidly across the alveolar membrane by _______________.
diffusion
Normal respiration is controlled by the __________ drive, whereby respiration increases when CO2 becomes even slightly elevated.
hypercarbic drive
The _________ system regulates pH by filtering out more hydrogen and retaining bicarbonate in an acidotic state and doing the reverse in alkalotic states.
renal
The ___________________ in the medulla is the main pacemaker for breathing and is responsible for initiating inspiration.
dorsal respiratory group
The amount of air movement during rest is approximately ________ mL.
500
_____________ is the total amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with maximum inspiration and expiration.
vital capacity
________________ is the portion of the respiratory system having no alveoli and, therefore, where little or no exchange of gas between air and blood occurs.
dead space
Dead Space in the air in the upper airways and parts of the lower airway is normally accepted to be about ________ mL.
150
As a general rule, any respiratory noises that are ___________ without a stethoscope are abnormal.
audible
______________ is a good rough indication or adequate perfusion and oxygenation of the CNS.
Mental status
