Abnormal Psychology - Lecture Eight

Question 1

One unit of alcohol for ordinary strength beer or lager

Answer 1

1/2 pint (284mls)

Question 2

One unit of alcohol for average strength wine

Answer 2

1 glass (125mls)

Question 3

One unit of alcohol for fortified wine (e.g. Sherry)

Answer 3

1 glass (50mls)

Question 4

One unit of alcohol for spirits

Answer 4

25mls

Question 5

Low risk

Answer 5

‘Safe drinking’, where intake is unlikely to be associated with harm

Question 6

Low risk quantities for males

Answer 6

21 units/week

Question 7

Low risk quantities for females

Answer 7

14 units/week

Question 8

Hazardous drinking

Answer 8

Intake likely to increase risk of developing alcohol related harm

Question 9

Hazardous drinking quantities for males

Answer 9

22-50 units/week

Question 10

Hazardous drinking quantities for females

Answer 10

15/35 units/week

Question 11

Harmful drinking

Answer 11

A pattern of drinking associated with the development of alcohol related harm (physical or psychological)

Question 12

Harmful drinking quantities for male

Answer 12

> 50 units/week

Question 13

Harmful drinking quantities for female

Answer 13

> 35 units/week

Question 14

What percent of adults drank alcohol in a way that could harm themselves or others in the last year?

Answer 14

20%

Question 15

Hazardous drinking rates of Maori

Answer 15

33%

Question 16

Hazardous drinking rates of NZ European

Answer 16

20%

Question 17

Hazardous drinking rates in men

Answer 17

27%

Question 18

Hazardous drinking rates in women

Answer 18

12%

Question 19

Hazardous drinking rates of youth aged 18-24%

Answer 19

33%

Question 20

How much more likely were adult drinkers in the most economically deprived areas to be hazardous drinkers than adult drinkers in the least deprived areas?

Answer 20

1.7

Question 21

Percent of adults to use cannabis in the past year?

Answer 21

12%

Question 22

Percent of adults to use amphetamine?

Answer 22

1%

Question 23

Public health problems that substance use disorders have been liked to

Answer 23

Serious medical illnesses
Impaired driving resulting in significant injury or death
Criminal and violent behaviour

Question 24

Criminal and violent behaviour

Answer 24

63% of all violent crime occurs during an intoxicated or drug-induced state
Overall impact of the substance use-violence relationship exceeds $200 billion per year in the U.S. alone

Question 25

Problematic pattern of use which impairs functioning, including two or more symptoms within a one year period

Answer 25

``` Failure to meet obligations Repeated use in dangerous situations Repeated relationship problems Continued use despite problems caused Tolerance Withdrawal Substance taken for a longer time or in greater amounts than intended Efforts to reduce or control use ineffective Time spent acquiring Impairment to functioning Cravings ```

Question 26

Diagnosis is substance specific

Answer 26

``` Alcohol Tobacco Cannabis Hallucinogens Opioids Stimulants Anxiolytics Inhalants Caffeine ```

Question 27

Classification of diagnosis

Answer 27

Use, intoxication and withdrawal

Question 28

Addiction

Answer 28

Severe substance use disorder (6 or more symptoms)

Question 29

Tolerance

Answer 29

Larger doses required for the same effect

Question 30

Withdrawal effects

Answer 30

Physical and psychological

Question 31

Physical withdrawal effects

Answer 31

Shaking, flu-like symptoms, pain

Question 32

Psychological withdrawal effects

Answer 32

Anxiety, irritability, depression

Question 33

Drug classes

Answer 33

Depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens and cannabis

Question 34

Depressants

Answer 34

Decrease central nervous system activity

Question 35

Stimulants

Answer 35

Increase central nervous system activity

Question 36

Poly-substance use

Answer 36

The use of two or more substances, especially alcohol

Question 37

Gender differences

Answer 37

Men more likely to use alcohol and psychoactive drugs overall Women more likely to misuse in response to stress or self-medicate Women have lower tolerance to alcohol than men

Question 38

Aetiology of substance use disorders

Answer 38

Genetics, biochemical factors, behavioural and sociocultural

Question 39

Genetic aetiology

Answer 39

More biological vulnerability to substance abuse

Question 40

Biochemical factor example

Answer 40

Dopamine coming into play during substance use, making it more enjoyable and addicting

Question 41

Treatment for substance use disorders

Answer 41

Biological treatments, aversion therapy, motivational interviewing and 12-step program

Question 42

Biological treatments - alcohol dependance

Answer 42

Detoxification and antagonist therapy

Question 43

Detoxification

Answer 43

Making the person just not use the substance - ‘cold turkey’

Question 44

12-step program

Answer 44

Very psychosocial, based on social support

Question 45

Alcoholics/Narcotics Anonymous

Answer 45

Self-help program with 100,000 chapters + in 100 + countries, regular meetings and shared stories, mentoring

Question 46

Effectiveness of Alcoholics/Narcotics Anonymous

Answer 46

Evidence supports efficacy when engaged but unclear if > other treatments and dropout high

Question 47

Rationale of Alcoholics/Narcotics Anonymous

Answer 47

Disease without cure “alcoholic”, abstinence the goal and religious