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PSYC112 Lectures > Abnormal Psychology - Lecture Nine > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology - Lecture Nine Flashcards

Personality Disorders (66 cards)

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1
Q

Personality disorders

A

Persistent maladaptive or culturally infrequent, thoughts, feelings, and behaviour
Significant distress or impairment

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2
Q

Persistent maladaptive or culturally infrequent, thoughts, feelings, and behaviour includes

A

Cognition, affectivity, interpersonal relationships and maladaptive behaviour

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3
Q

How do people with personality disorders act across situations?

A

Inflexible and pervasive

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4
Q

How far back can personality disorders be traced?

A

To adolescence

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5
Q

Conceptualisations of personality disorders

A

Categorical, dimensional and normal vs abnormal traits

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6
Q

Categorical conceptualisations of personality disorders

A

Psychiatric classification

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7
Q

Dimensional conceptualisations of personality disorders

A

Ranges from normality to severe

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8
Q

Normal vs. Abnormal traits conceptualisations of personality disorders

A

Extreme variants of normal traits and abnormal traits that only exists is disordered individuals

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9
Q

Cluster A

A

Odd and eccentric

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10
Q

Odd and eccentric

A

Paranoid, Schizoid and Schozotypal

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11
Q

Cluster B

A

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic

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12
Q

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic

A

Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic and Narcissistic

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13
Q

Cluster C

A

Anxious of fearful

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14
Q

Anxious of fearful

A

Avoidant, Dependent and Obsessive-compulsive

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15
Q

Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric Personality Disorders

A

People with these disorders display behaviors similar to, but not as extensive as, schizophrenia

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16
Q

Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders

A

Mild schizophrenia disorder but not a psychotic disorder

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17
Q

Treatment for Odd or Eccentric Personality Disorders

A

Little is known

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18
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder symptoms

A

Deep suspicion or mistrust of others, hypersensitivity, vigilance, and caution, pathological jealousy, control, and anger/hostility

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19
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder symptoms

A

Persistent avoidance, limited emotional expression, withdrawn and reclusive. They have little interest in other people, other than first degree relative

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20
Q

Fewer than 1% of the population have been diagnosed with Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

It is slightly more likely to occur in men than in women

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21
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorders

A

Psychoticism, Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation and excessive social anxiety/withdrawal

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22
Q

Psychoticism examples

A

Ideas of reference, odd beliefs or magical thinking, unusual perceptual experiences, and odd thinking and speech

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23
Q

Does Cluster A have a genetic link to schizophrenia?

A

Family members of schizophrenics at higher risk for schizotypal

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24
Q

Schizotypal with schizophrenia

A

Schizotypal (conceptually) linked to positive symptoms of schizophrenia (less severe)

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25
Schizoid with schizophrenia
Schizoid (conceptually) linked to negative symptoms of schizophrenia but there's no empirical evidence for a genetic link
26
Antisocial Personality Disorder symptoms
Disregard for social norms, reckless behaviour, impulsivity, irresponsibility, prone to anger/aggression, deceitfulness and manipulative and lack of guilt or remorse
27
Problems with Antisocial Personality Disorder diagnosis
50-80% inmates are diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder Low cut-off criteria (3) Mostly based on behaviour
28
Alternative diagnosis for Antisocial Personality Disorder
Psychopathy
29
Psychopathy
Psychopaths can be described as intraspecies predators who use charm, manipulation, intimidation, and violence to control others and satisfy their own selfish needs. Lacking in conscience and feelings for others, they cold- bloddedly take what they want and do as they please, violating social norms and expectations without the slightest sense of guilt or regret
30
Psychopathy symptoms (in addition to the symptoms of Antisocial Personality Disorder)
Superficial charm, grandiosity, social potency, low anxiety, shallow emotions, lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse, inability of form deep relationships and fearlessness
31
Two-process model for aetiology factors
Factor 1 - affective/interpersonal | Factor 2 - Antisocial behaviour
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Affective/interpersonal
Amygdala – poor fear conditioning, inability to read distress cues
33
Antisocial Behaviour
Orbitofrontal cortex – disinhibition, poor emotional decision making
34
Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms
Instability of self-image and relationships, affective instability and impulsive, unpredictable and destructive behaviour
35
Instability of self-image and relationships
Identity disturbance Intense interpersonal attachments Idolization vs. devaluation
36
Affective instability
Dysphoria and chronic feelings of emptiness Prolonged/violent emotional outbursts Extreme emotional response to abandonment
37
Impulsive, unpredictable and destructive behaviour
Bouts of anger/violence Suicidal gestures Substance abuse Reckless behaviour
38
Borderline Personality Disorder aetiology
Psychodynamic and Biopsychosocial theory
39
Psychodynamic aetiology
Early parent relationship e.g. objectives-relations - lack of early acceptance by parents
40
Biopsychosocial theory aetiology
Invalidation childhood environments - child might be punished for appropriate emotional expression yet parents model inappropriate expression of emotion which causes confusion towards the child
41
Borderline Personality Disorder treatment
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
42
Histrionic Personality Disorder symptoms
``` Extremely dramatic Shallow emotions Centre of attention Engage in attention - seeking behaviours Vain, self-centered, and demanding ```
43
Histrionic Personality Disorder aetiology and treatment
No research on aetiology or treatment
44
Narcissistic Personality Disorder symptoms
Grandiose, need much admiration Lack of empathy Seldom interested in feelings of others Expect constant attention and admiration from those around them Association with superiority Exaggerate achievements, appear arrogant/haughty
45
Narcissistic Personality Disorder aetiology
Psychodynamic theorists and behavioural and cognitive theorists
46
Psychodynamic theorists
Cold, rejecting parents. Narcissistic Paradox - reaction formation
47
Behavioural and cognitive theorists
Too much positive reinforcement
48
Narcissistic Personality Disorder treatment
No known treatments
49
Avoidant Personality Disorders symptoms
``` Uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations Feelings of inadequacy Sensitive to negative evaluation Feel unappealing or inferior Few close friends ```
50
Dependent Personality Disorders symptoms
Central feature: difficulty with separation Pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of Clingy and obedient Rely on others for decisions Feel distressed, lonely, and sad; dislike selves
51
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders symptoms
Preoccupied with order, perfection, and control Unreasonably high standards for selves and others Rigid and stubborn; trouble expressing affection
52
Preoccupied with order, perfection, and control
Lose all flexibility, openness, and efficiency
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Unreasonably high standards for selves and others
Rigid moral code
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Rigid and stubborn; trouble expressing affection
Relationships often stiff and superficial
55
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders
Different Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
56
Limitations with DSM-5 systems
``` Excessive comorbidity Inadequate coverage Excessive within-diagnosis heterogeneity No clear boundary between normal and pathological personality Inadequate scientific base ```
57
Solution for the DSM-5 systems
Dimensional personality traits define disorders | Analogous to Intellectual Disability
58
Dimensional personality traits define disorders
Individuals vary in degree rather than in kind | Constellation of extreme manifestation of personality traits results in a disorder
59
Analogous to Intellectual Disability
Extreme standing on a dimension (intelligence) Impairment in functioning - disorder
60
DSM-5 III Model Criterion A
Significant impairments in self (identity or self-direction) and interpersonal (empathy or intimacy) functioning
61
DSM-5 III Criterion B
Personality Profile
62
DSM-5 III Model Self
Identity and self-direction
63
DSM-5 III Model Interpersonal
Empathy and intimacy
64
DSM-5 III Five Personality Trait Domains
Negative Affectivity Detachment Antagonism Disinhibition & Compulsivity Psychoticism
65
Personality types - defined by trait profiles
``` Antisocial Avoidant Borderline Narcissistic Obsessive-Compulsive Schizotypal ```
66
PDTS
Personality Disorder Trait Specific

PSYC112 Lectures (34 decks)

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