Abnormal Psychology - Lecture Six

Question 1

Mortality rate of anorexia nervosa

Answer 1

10-15%

Question 2

Percent of adolescence that meet the criteria for one or more eating disorders

Answer 2

12%

Question 3

Continuum of eating disorders

Answer 3

Weight, restrictive eating, binge-eating and purging/compensating

Question 4

DSM-5 Diagnoses

Answer 4

Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder, Avoidant/Restrictive Food intake disorder and Other Specified Eating Disorder

Question 5

Diagnostic features of Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 5

Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight
Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight
Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced

Question 6

Two types of Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 6

Restricting Type: no bingeing or purging

Binge-eating/purging type: with regular binging or purging

Question 7

Diagnostic features of Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 7

Recurrent binge eating with a sense of lack of control
Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviour in order to prevent weight gain e.g. excessive exercise, binge purging
Binge eating and compensatory behaviour occur at least once a week for three months
Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight

Question 8

Associated features of Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 8

Individuals are usually within the normal weight or overweight range
Between binges individuals typically restrict caloric intake
Low self-esteem
Low mood/depression
High rates of smoking (reduces appetite)
Higher rates of substance abuse (impulse control difficulties)

Question 9

Symptoms of binge-eating disorder

Answer 9

Recurrent binges (2x week, at least 6 months)
Also, 3 or more of following:
Eating more rapidly than normal
Eating until uncomfortable full
Binging when not hungry
Eating alone due to embarrassment
Feeling disgusted, depressed, guilty after overeating

Question 10

Other diagnostic features of binge-eating disorder

Answer 10

Self-evaluation unduly influenced by body size and shape

BED does not involve regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviours

Question 11

Aetiology of eating disorders (AN and BN)

Answer 11

Biological factors
Sociocultural factors
Psychological factors
The more factors, the greater the risk of developing the eating disorder

Question 12

Biological factors

Answer 12

Genetic influences, neurotransmitters and hormones

Question 13

Genetic influences

Answer 13

High concordance rates, relatives of people with an eating disorder are 6 x more likely to develop an eating disorder

Question 14

Neurotransmitters

Answer 14

Serotonin and norepinephrine
Low levels of serotonin doesn’t cause mental illnesses, but can influence the development the development due to the relation of serotonin and mood stabilisation

Question 15

Hormones

Answer 15

Anorexia Nervosa can cause deficiency in hypothalamus functioning- weight set point

Question 16

Socioeconomic factors

Answer 16

Societal pressures, media pressures, ideal bodies

Question 17

Societal pressures

Answer 17

Western standards of females attractiveness and ever progressing toward a thinner ideal

Question 18

Western ideal for men

Answer 18

Much of body dissatisfaction in men focus on muscles and body size which is frequently associated with: steroid use, excessive exercise/weight lifting, mirror checking, strict diet, compared with other men

Question 19

Treatments for Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 19

Restoration of proper weight
Sometimes hospitalisation for malnutrition
Residential programs
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Family Systems Therapy

Question 20

Treatments for Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-eating Disorder

Answer 20

Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy

Medication