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PSYC112 Lectures > Abnormal Psychology - Lecture Four > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology - Lecture Four Flashcards

Psychotic and Bipolar Disorders (55 cards)

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1
Q

Psychosis

A

Is not a disorder but a group of symptoms that includes delusions, hallucinations and loss of external reality

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2
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Is a mental disorder that involves psychoses symptoms

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3
Q

Symptom clusters of psychoses

A

Positive, negative and disorganised

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4
Q

Current DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia

A

Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia: 2 or more of the following symptoms for 6-months:
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganised speech
Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
Negative symptoms

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5
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Delusions and hallucinations

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6
Q

Delusions

A

A belief or altered reality that is persistently held despite evidence or agreement to the contrary

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7
Q

Delusions - Persecution

A

Fixed irrational belief that others are out to harm them

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8
Q

Delusions - Grandeur

A

Fixed irrational belief that you have special powers e.g. reincarnation of Jesus

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9
Q

Delusions - Reference

A

When you believe something is irrationally directed to you e.g. the radio/TV is speaking to you

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10
Q

Delusions - Erotomania

A

Fixed irrational belief that someone is in love with them

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11
Q

Delusions - Somatic

A

Fixed irrational belief that you have some form of medical illness or something else that is severely wrong with your body, or something that is implanted in your body

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12
Q

Delusions - Nihilistic

A

The world is about to end or nothing exists

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13
Q

Delusions - Bizzarre vs non-bizzarre

A

Bizarre are implausible, something that cannot happen. Non-bizarre are plausible, something that can possibly happen but is not true

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14
Q

Hallucinations

A

Affect all bodily senses

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15
Q

Auditory

A

Hearing things that are not there. In most cases, they don’t obey the orders but sometimes do.
Most common

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16
Q

Visual

A

Seeing shapes or distorted reality, but usually do not see other people
Quite rare

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17
Q

Olafactory

A

Smell things that are not there

Very rare

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18
Q

Gustafactory

A

Taste things that are not there

Very rare

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19
Q

Tactile

A

Sensational feeling or tingling

Very rare

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20
Q

Disorganised speech or though

A 
Loose association
Neologism
Clang associations
Echolalia 
Echopraxia
Word salad
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21
Q

Loose association

A

Person speaks but the sentences are only loosely connected which makes it difficult to follow what they’re saying

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22
Q

Neologism

A

Words that are made up

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23
Q

Clang associations

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A

Every new sentence rhymes with a previous sentence

24
Q

Echolalia

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A

Repeating what was said to them

25
Echopraxia
Imitating movements of another person
26
Word salad
Speaking in a highly incoherent manner where words are jumbled
27
Negative symptoms
Remove normal functions, not all present in every patient
28
Affective flattening
Where persons actual emotions are not expressed strongly or at all - shallow emotions
29
Alogia
Will not produce much speech - poverty of speech
30
Thought-blocking
Can't get their thoughts out in a verbal manner - Thought-blocking
31
Avolition
Lack of drive/motivation
32
Anhedonia
Inability to experience pleasure or things that they used to enjoy
33
Other important diagnostic criteria of psychotic disorders
Temporal criteria Impairment/deterioration in functioning Downward drift
34
Phases of psychotic disorders
Prodromal - phase where person isn’t fully symptomatic but are developing them Active - phase where person meets full diagnostic for the criteria Residual - phase where after long period of treatment some symptoms begin to go away but negatives remain present
35
Other psychotic disorder
Schizophreniform Disorder | Schizoaffective Disorder Delusional Disorder
36
Schizophreniform Disorder
At least 1-month but less than 6-months with a relatively short duration of symptoms and a good prognosis
37
Schizoaffective Disorder
Meets full criteria for diagnosis but also a mood disorder, the symptoms of each are independent Independent symptoms of SZ and mood disorder
38
Mood disorders with psychotic features
ARE NOT PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
39
Delusion Disorder
``` 1-month or more Any hallucinations, if present, directly related to delusion Few or no negative symptoms Less observable impairment Rare Better prognosis ```
40
Subtypes of Delusion Disorder
``` Erotomanic type Grandiose type Jealous type Persecutory type Somatic type Mixed type Unspecified type ```
41
Epidemiology of Psychotic Disorders
Occur in all societies, where about 0.7-1.5% of the population suffers/suffered from schizophrenia at some point in their lives and 3/4 of these cases will occur between 15- and 45-years-old
42
Men's first psychotic break
Usually between 18 and 25-years-old
43
Women's first psychotic break
Usually between 25- and 35-years-old
44
Schizophrenia is a brain disorder
Neuropsychological deficits Predisposing Causes Environmental Causes
45
Aetiology of Psychotic Disorders
Birth month (winter & spring) Viral causes → affects brain development Pregnancy and birth complications Maternal drug use
46
Aetiology of schizophrenia
``` Genetic influences About 50-60% heritability index – Molecular genetics Brain Abnormalities Enlarged ventricles = smaller brains Prefrontal hypometabolism ```
47
About 50-60% heritability index – Molecular genetics
DTNBP1, NGR1 – Neurotransmitters; white matter development | COMT, DDNF – Prefrontal functioning
48
Enlarged ventricles = smaller brains
Reduced bloodflow | Lower brain volume
49
Prefrontal hypometabolism
Less activity, especially left side
50
Biological treatment of Psychotic Disorders 1st Generation Anti-psychotics
Reduce positive symptoms Side effects: Tardive Dyskinesia Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
51
Biological treatment of Psychotic Disorders 2nd Generation Anti-psychotics
Positive and negative symptoms
52
Cognitive treatment for Psychotic Disorders
Cognitive rehabilitation | Cognitive restructuring
53
Cognitive rehabilitation
Modify over- & under-attention
54
Cognitive restructuring
Challenge delusional beliefs | Psychoeducation
55
Tardive Dyskinesia
Excessive stiffness and trembling in various parts of the body

PSYC112 Lectures (34 decks)

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