Actinobacteria I Flashcards by Christine Parascandola

Actinomyces
Actinobaculum
Aracnobacterium is now known as Trueperella pyogenes.
Nocardia
Dermatophilus

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Bacteria colony shows ________ formation and _________ lesions in infected animals (they were considered as fungi).

filamentous, granulomatous

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These four bacteria belong to the same family, Actinobacteria

Nocardia, Actinomyces, Dermatophilus, and Actinobaculum

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Thermophilic Actinobacteria:
Cows can develop what type of hypersensitivity when ingesting this bacteria?

Saccharoplyspora rectivirgula
Type III

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Gram _____ bacteria, many species with _____ filaments.

positive, branching

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Relatively ______ growth on laboratory media.

slow

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Opportunistic pathogens producing diverse ____________ responses.

inflammatory

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Actinomyces, Arcanobacterium, and Actinobaculum species
1. _______ or ________ anaerobic
2. morphologically _________
3. _____-____ forming, ___-____.
4. Modified _______-________ negative.
5. Colonize _______ membranes.

anaerobic, facultatively, heterogenous, non-spore, non-motile, Zieh-Neelsen, mucous

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Nocardia Species
1. ______, non-motile
2. Spores from _____ filaments
3. Growth on ________ dextrose agar
4. Modified _____-_______-positive
5. _____ saprophytes

Aerobic, aerial, Sabourand, Ziehl-Neelsen, Soil

What grows well in this media Sabouraud ? Fungi

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Dermatophilus congolensis
1. ______ and capnophilic
2. _____ zoospores
3. No growth on ________ dextrose agar
4. Found in ____ and in ____ on skin of carrier animals

Aerobic, Motile, Sabouraud, scabs, foci

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Compared arcanobacterium pyogenes to nocardia species

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Trueperella pyogenes (Arcanobacterium pyogenes)

nasopharyngeal mucosa

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Actinobaculum suis

preputial mucosa

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Actinomyces bovis

oropharynx mucosa

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Actinomyces hordeovulneris

unknown

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trueperella blood agar?

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Trueperella?

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filaments of actinomyosis; characteristic of this bacteria’

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Arcanobacterium pyogenes, aka Trueperella pyogenes, hosts?

Cattle, sheep. pigs

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Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Disease conditions

Abscessation, mastitis, suppurative pneumonia, endometritis, pyometra, arthritis, umbilical infections

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Trueperella pyogenes
Worldwide –>

Cattle, pigs, sheep

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Trueperella pyogenes
Gram-________, ________

positive, pleomorphic

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Trueperella pyogenes _____-_____-forming, non-_____, non-_______, _______ anaerobic ____, which is characterized by a _______ metabolism and strong ________ activity.

Non, spore, motile, capsulated, facultative, rod, fermentative, proteolytic

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Trueperella pyogenes __________ pathogen

Opportunistic

Trueperella pyogenes This bacterium has been isolated from the wall of ______ ______ and _____ _______, as a gastrointestinal _______ and from the ______ of clinically healthy cows.

bovine rumen, swine stomachs, microbiota, udders

Trueperella pyogenes Mainly causing _________ lesions

suppurative

Trueperella pyogenes Any organ may be affected by?

lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, neural abscess, pyometra, mastitis...

Trueperella pyogenes Pathogenesis • Exogenous infection • Mechanical injuries of skin and mucous membranes

sulfur granules = bovis, viscosus = white characteristic appearnace of pus

Differnt proteins on cell menrvane of bacteria promotes adhesion of bacteria to epithelial cells. Once attached, produced toxi proteases to enter

Bacteria migrate through epithelial and stroma cells, stroma cells promotes phagocytic cells to enter area (neutrophil aka segmented nuclei) and MQ and DC. Chemokines are released to attract more inflammatory cells to site of infection.

What can be seen here?

Abscess in mandible. "Lumpy Jaw"

Abscess. Once opened, releases content, mainly puss, and the puss may have some granules.

What can be seen in this image here?

Cow with Mastitis

Lambs: abscess located on neck.

What can be seen in this image?

Pus formation/ granuloma formation Fibrin in the thoracic cavity

Pus in thoracic cavity; fibrin

What can be seen in this image?

Lungs has multi abscesses as well. Granulomas present in lung tissue.

MQ from diagnosing trueperella pyogenes

How do you diagnose Trueperella pyogenes?

1. Clinical signs 2. Samples from sick animals 3. Histopathology 4. Blood and MacConkey Agar 5. PCR

What samples do you collect from animals suffering from Trueperella pyogenes?

Exudates, aspirates, tissue samples --> culture and histopathology

Histopathology - Trueperella Pyogenes

Filamentous organisms surrounded by eosinophilic club-shaped structures.

Trueperella Pyogenes Vaccines

• Whole cells of Trueperella pyogenes or culture supernatant. • Recombinant: Fimbria H, PLO, Leukotoxin. • DNA vaccine • Autovaccine = Take sample of affected animal and then give to other animals in the same farm. By isolating the bacteria from the affected animal, and making vaccine from said sample, you can give to other animals in the farm.

Canine actinomycosis is also called

Actinomyces viscosus

Canine actinomycosis results in ...

Subcutaneous pyogranulomatous lesions and extensive fibrovascular proliferation on the peritoneal or pleural surfaces with sanguine-purulent exudate in the affected cavity.

Canine actinomycosis Clinical sign

Respiratory distress

Canine actinomycosis Treatment

Penicillin

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) is also called

Actinomyces bovis

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) is the result of?

Infected trauma or lesion of the oral mucosa or dental alveoli

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) results in?

Swelling of the bone, then fistulous tracts discharge purulent exudate

How do you diagnose lumpy jaw?

Clinical signs X-rays

How do you treat lumpy jaw?

Penicillin

What can be seen here?

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) Characteristic filaments (gross)

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) Filamentous bacteria

mandible is affected; lesion may be opened and contents drain out

danage of mandible

extensive damage of ramus of mandible

cavities formed in mandible

filamentous contents

Porcine cystitis is caused by?

Actinobaculum suis

Porcine cystitis is isolated from _____ and ______ _______.

prepuce, preputial diverticulum

Porcine cystitis results in?

Anorexia, arching of the back, dysuria and hematuria • May affect kidneys, if severely affected death may result

Nocardia species Gram ________, _______, ________ actinobacteria, ________ morphology

positive, aerobic, saprophytic, filamentous

Nocardia species ______ agar, culture medium with ______-______ extract

Blood, charcoal, yeast

Nocardia species Colonies are _____, _______ and _____ adherent to the agar • Colonies are variably ________ and ______

white, powdery, firmly, haemolytic, odourless

Nocardia species Subculture on to _________ dextrose agar yields dry, wrinkled, orange - colored colonies after incubation for up to 5 days

Sabouraud

Nocardia species - Clinical infections _______ and _______ infections in dogs __________ in cattle --> infection is sporadic ________ in sows ___________ is an important predisposing factor

Cutaneous, systemic, Mastitis, Abortion, Immunosuppression

Skin in the cat, lesion at the base of the ear

Abscess/granuloma in the heart and lungs.

Filamentous filaments which is why nocardia was previously considered to be a fungi.

Lesions in the brain - rare but happens

Nocardia species - Dogs Disease conditions

Nocardia species - Cattle Disease Conditions

Chronic mastitis Abortion Bovine farcy

Nocardia species - Pigs Disease Conditions

Nocardia conditions - Sheep, goats, horses Disease conditions

Canine nocardiosis Infections in dogs --> ? - _______, ________ and ______ forms of the disease are recognized --> ?

inhalation, through skin wounds or by ingestion. Thoracic, cutaneous, disseminated Fever, anorexia and respiratory distress.

Canine nocardiosis In the case of the thoracic cavity, Fibrovascular proliferative reaction on the pleura and sanguinopurulent fluid accumulates in the thoracic cavity.

Canine nocardiosis The cutaneous form --> ?

ulcer or as a granulomatous swelling with discharging fistulous tracts.

Canine nocardiosis The disseminated form --> ?

in dogs less than 12 months of age, clinical signs are non - specific and are referable to the organ system mainly affected.

Canine nocardiosis Treatment

Amikacin, cotrimoxazole

Bovine farcy (Nocardia farcinica) Bovine nocardiosis, is limited to the ______.

tropics

Bovine farcy is a ______ infection of ______ _______ vessels and _______ ______.

chronic, superficial, lymphatic, lymph nodes

Bovine farcy Early lesions consist of _____ _______ nodules, often on the _____ aspect of the ____ and on the ____. These nodules enlarge _____ and ______ to form swellings, up to ___ cm in diameter, which rarely ______.

small, cutaneous, medial, legs, neck, slowly, coalesce, 10, ulcerate

Bovine farcy The lymphatic vessels may become ________ and ____ - like. Internal organs may be affected occasionally and the condition is important because lesions resemble those of tuberculosis.

thickened, cord

Lesions are present on head and neck Lymphatic vessels become enlarged normal lymph node on left, affected one on right. Multi lymph nodes/lymph tissue that is enlarged. Lymphatic vessels connecting affected lymph nodes also swell.

Dermatophilus congolensis ________, most common in _____ and ______ regions

Worldwide, tropical, subtropical

Dermatophilus congolensis Gram ________, _______, produces _____ ______ zoospores

+, filamentous, motile, coccal

Dermatophilus congolensis Organisms ______ in the skin --> _______ zoospores may become _______ ( ______ and ______)

persist, dormant, activated, moisture, temperature

Dermatophilus congolensis _______ and ________ conditions are favorable for infection --> _____ inflammatory response and ____-_______ in the ______.

Trauma, wetting, acute, micro, abscesses, epidermis

Dermatophilus congolensis Current diseases and _____ increase host susceptibility

pregnancy

Crust affecting ruminants due to presence of ? Lesion gets infected due to temperature.

Dermatophilus congolensis Clinical Infection

• Prevalent and often more severe in young animals. • Zoospores are most often transmitted by direct contact with infected animals and blood - sucking insects • Heavy prolonged rainfall in association with warm environmental temperatures can result in lesions predominantly affecting the dorsum of farm animals • lesions may be extensive and deaths may occasionally occur, particularly in calves and lambs.

Filamenoutous round spores still attached to colony but eventually when separated they develop a filament in spore.

Filamentous filaments which is why nocardia was previously considered to be a fungi.

Diagnostic • Samples scab material and samples of skin fixed in formalin. • Smears from the undersurface of scabs or from softened scab material, stained by the Giemsa method, reveal the characteristic branching fi laments containing zoospores • Colonies are up to 1 mm in diameter, yellow and haemolytic. When incubated for 3 to 4 days, they become rough, golden - yellow and embedded in the agar • PCR • Treatment: Oxytetracycline • Control: Depending on geographical location and climatic factors; they are based on minimizing the effects of predisposing factors and early treatment of clinical cases.

Actinobacteria I Flashcards

(101 cards)