Adaptive Immunity Chapter 16

Question 1

Is the body’s ability to recognize and mount a specific defense against distinct invaders and their products

Answer 1

Adaptive immunity

Question 2

5 attribute of adaptive immunity

Answer 2

Specificity
Inducibility
Clonality
Unresponsiveness to self
Memory

Question 3

Acts against 1 particular moelcular shape

Answer 3

Specificity

Question 4

Activate only in response to specific pathogens

Answer 4

Inducibility

Question 5

Cells of adaptive immunity don’t attack normal body cells

Answer 5

Unresponsiveness to self

Question 6

Cells of adaptive immunity have “memory” and can respond faster in subsequent encounter

Answer 6

Memory

Question 7

Lymphocytes activity responsible for

Answer 7

Adaptive immunity

Question 8

2 main types (formation starts in red bone marrow)

Answer 8

B-Lymphocytes

T-Lymphocytes

Question 9

Mature in the Bone marrow

Answer 9

B-cells

Question 10

Mature in the thymus

Answer 10

T-Cells

Question 11

2 types of adaptive immune response

Answer 11

Humoral immune responses

Cells-mediated immune responses

Question 12

Descendents of B-cells; secrete antibodies to attack extracellular pathogens (fluids)

Answer 12

Humoral immune responses

Question 13

Descendents of T-cells attacks intracellular pathogens (doesn’t involve antibodies)

Answer 13

Cell-Mediated immune responses

Question 14

The tissues and organs of the lymphatic system

Answer 14

screen the tissue of the body for foreign antigens

-composed of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic cells, tissues, and organs

Question 15

System that conducts lymph one-way from tissues and return it to the circulatory system

Answer 15

Lymphatic vessels

Question 16

Liquid with similar composition to blood plasma

Answer 16

Lymph

Question 17

Arises from fluid leaked from blood vessels into surrounding tissues

Answer 17

Lymph

Question 18

Redbone marrow and thymus

Answer 18

Primary lymphoid organs

Question 19

Lymph nodes is part of the

Answer 19

Secondary lymphoid organs

Question 20

Filter lymph interactions of wbcs, wbc division

Answer 20

Lymph nodes

Question 21

Secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 21

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

Question 22

Filters blood, removes microbes

Answer 22

Spleen

Question 23

Traps foreign particles and microbes

Answer 23

Tonsils

Question 24

Appendix, lymphoid tissue in respiratory tract, vagina, mammary glands, and small intestines (peyers patches)

Answer 24

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

Question 25

Molecules the body recognizes as foreign and worthy of attack (trigger an immune response)

Answer 25

Properties of antigens

Question 26

Examples of properties of antigens

Answer 26

Components of cell wall, caspsule, pili, flagella, surface, proteins, allergens, pollen, dust, and some food

Question 27

Antigens recongnized by three-dimensional regions called

Answer 27

epitopes

Question 28

Molecules too small to have antigenic properties, unless bound by a larger molecule (protein)

Answer 28

Haptens

Question 29

toxins, secretions, compomemts of cell walls, membranes, flagella, and pili

Answer 29

Exogenous antigens

Question 30

Molecules from pathogens that reproduce inside of a host cell (therefore only recognized if antigens are incorporated on cytoplasmic membrane)

Answer 30

Endogenous antigens

Question 31

Molecules derived from normal cellular processes

Answer 31

Auto-Antigens

Question 32

Arise and mature in the red bone marrow Found primarily in the spleen, lymph nodes, and MALT Small percentage of B-cells circulate in the blood

Answer 32

B-cells and Antibodies

Question 33

Major function of B-cells is the

Answer 33

Secretin of antibodies

Question 34

B-cell receptor include

Answer 34

``` 4 polypeptide chair 2 heavy chains 2 light chains 2 arms (w/ variable regions) transmembrane protein ```

Question 35

Immunoglobulin's similar to BCRs

Answer 35

Antibodies

Question 36

Antibodies are secreted by activated B-cells called

Answer 36

Plasma cells

Question 37

Antibodies have identical antigen-binding sites and antigen specificty as the

Answer 37

BCR of the activated B-cell

Question 38

Antigen-binding sites are complementary to epitopes

Answer 38

Antibody functions

Question 39

Antibody functions

Answer 39

``` Activation Neutralization Opsonization Killing by oxidation Aggluination ```

Question 40

Of complement cascade and inflammation

Answer 40

Activation

Question 41

Bind to critical portion of toxin

Answer 41

Neutralization

Question 42

Stimulate phagocytosis

Answer 42

Opsonization

Question 43

Catalyze H2O, kills bacteria

Answer 43

Killing by oxidation

Question 44

Clump together

Answer 44

Agglutination

Question 45

Anitbies coat target cell, NK cells bind to Fc region of antibody and lyse target cell using Perforin and granzyme

Answer 45

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Question 46

B-Lymphocyes (B-cells) and anitibodies

Answer 46

- Classes of antibodies (some levels of immune response variable) - Class involved in the immun response depends on the type of antigen, portal of entry and antibody finction needed

Question 47

First anitbody produced, some in cytoplasmic membrance as BCR, secreted as immune response

Answer 47

IgM

Question 48

Most commone and longest-lasting antibody, can leave blood vessels, present in inflammation, cross the placenta

Answer 48

IgG

Question 49

Associated with body secretions, mucous membranes, mammary glands, can pass to offspring/Breakmilk

Answer 49

IgA

Question 50

Acts as signals, attach to receptors (eosinophils) and trigger an immune response to parasitic infections and alleries

Answer 50

IgE

Question 51

Exact functions is not known

Answer 51

IgD

Question 52

Produced in the red bone marrow and mature in the thymus

Answer 52

T-Cells

Question 53

Circulate in the lymph and blood and migrate to the lymph nodes, spleen, and peyer's patches

Answer 53

T-cells

Question 54

Antigen-binding sites are complementary to epitopes

Answer 54

T-cells

Question 55

Have T-cell receptors (TCRs) on their cytoplamic membrane each TCR unquie to each T-cells Variations between T-cells

Answer 55

T-Cells

Question 56

TCRs do not recognize epitopes directly, they only bind epitpes associates with a MHC -TCRs act primarily against cells that harbor intracellular pathogen

Answer 56

Specificity of the T-Cells Receptors (TCR)