Helminthes Lab exam 1

Question 1

Macroscopic, Multicellular eukaryotic worms. Many of which are pathogenic

Answer 1

Helminthes

Question 2

Each worm has both sex organs (Hermaphrodites)

Answer 2

Monoecious

Question 3

Male & female sex organs in different worms

Answer 3

Dioecious

Question 4

Parasitic Helminthes divided into 3 groups

Answer 4

• Cestodes
• Trematodes
• Nematodes

Question 5

Tapenia Saginata is commonly referred to as the

Answer 5

Beef Tapeworm

Question 6

The Definitive host of taeria saginata is the

Answer 6

Human

Question 7

Parasitic worms which have both male and female sex organs are referred to as

Answer 7

Dioecious

Question 8

The portion of proglottid that is filled with eggs and ready to infect a new host is referred to as a(n)_________

Answer 8

Gravid

Question 9

These are acoelomate animals

• No real body cavity
• Lack their own digestive structures, live in intestines of hosts

Answer 9

Cestodes

Question 10

Segmented tapeworms/Flatworms can be up to 60 feet; and have a more complex life cycle

Answer 10

Cestodes

Question 11

Like the head; Has hooks at the top to attach to tissue (No mouth)

Answer 11

Scolex

Question 12

Is flat and long

Answer 12

Body

Question 13

Repetitive segments divide continuously; has both sexes inside (monecious)

Answer 13

Proglottid

Question 14

The portion of the proglottid that has working reproductive structure

Answer 14

Mature

Question 15

Breaks off, passes through feces

Answer 15

Gravid

Question 16

Taenia saginata

Answer 16

Beef tapeworm

Question 17

Eggs in the cow and become immature larvae called

Answer 17

Cysticercus

Question 18

Life cycle of Taenia saginata

Answer 18

• Human are the definitive Host
• Human shed eggs and egg filled proglottids
• Cows eat the eggs
• Eggs hatch in the cow and become immature larve called cysticercus

Question 19

Taenia solium is also known as the

Answer 19

Pork Tapeworm

Question 20

Made of proglottids and pass them via fecal matter; Humans can get the cysticercus in their muscle

Answer 20

Pork tapeworm

Question 21

The definitive host of the Taenia Solium

Answer 21

Humans ( but can also be an intermediate host but not likely)

Question 22

Echinococcus granulosus

Answer 22

Dog Tapeworms

Question 23

Only 3 Proglottids

Answer 23

Echinococcus Granulosus

Question 24

Once an immature proglottid is formed, in a Echinococcus Granulosus

Answer 24

A gravid proglottid is released

Question 25

Who is the definitive host in Enchinococcus Granulosus

Answer 25

The dog

Question 26

LIfecycle: The dog is the definitive host (Enchinococcucs Granulosus)

Answer 26

``` The adult worm lives in the intestines of the dog Sheds eggs (poop) and herbivores (ex Cattle) eat the eggs (Occasionally humans can ingest food contaminated by dog feces and ingest larvae which form hydatid cysts; Dog licks anus, then humans mouth/face) ```

Question 27

Can rupture and larvae can spread through body

Answer 27

Hydatid Cyst

Question 28

The fish tapeworm is also known as

Answer 28

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 29

Can get this by eating raw fish

Answer 29

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 30

Who is the definitive host of the Diphyllobothrium Latum

Answer 30

Humans (gut)

Question 31

- Eggs exit feces into water - Eggs hatch and coracidium larvae come out - Coracidium are eaten by Copepods (Alternate host) - Copepods are eaten by fish - Larval form develops in the fish muscle - Humans eat the fish (Infect when undercooker)

Answer 31

The life cycle of the Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 32

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Trematodas include

Answer 32

- Trematoda - Fasciola Hepatice - Clonorchis sinensis - Schistosoma species

Question 33

In Trematoda it does not contain a body cavity this is known as

Answer 33

Acoelomate

Question 34

Characteristics of typical Trematode

Answer 34

- Oral Sucker - An incomplete Digestive system (No anus) - -Pharynx - -Muscular esophagus - -Two long unbranched intestines down both sides - Hermaphroditic (Monecious) - -Large testis - -Uterus - -Small overies

Question 35

Features of the Fluke Morphology

Answer 35

- Oral sucker - Ventral sucker - Eggs in coiled uterus - Intestines - Ovary - Branched testes

Question 36

Trematodes have a complicated life cycle which it starts with the

Answer 36

Human - The egg leave the human into water - The egg hatch into miracidium free swimming ciliated larva - Then it enters the snail

Question 37

(Trematodes part 2) Miracidium

Answer 37

in snails become sporocysts, and reproduce asexually forming cercariae

Question 38

(Trematodes part 3) Cercariae

Answer 38

Emerge from snail and enter a new intermediate host, human, plant, and or fish, mollusks or crustaceans (depends on type of trematode)

Question 39

(Trematodes part 4) When on the vegetation or in second host they encyst and become _______________, when they get eaten and move to definitive host

Answer 39

Metacercariae

Question 40

Liver fluke

Answer 40

Fasciola hepatica

Question 41

Get from eating aquatic vegetation such as watercress

Answer 41

Fasciola Hepatica (liver fluke)

Question 42

Pathology of the Fasciola hepatica

Answer 42

- Excystment occurs in intestines - Larvae go from intestine to liver - Flukes feed on liver cells and RBC while in liver - Go to bile ducts and replaces tissue with fibrous tissue. can result in abdominal pain, diarrhea and abscess on the liver

Question 43

Causes liver damage and necrosis (Death of tissue)

Answer 43

Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)

Question 44

Chinese liver fluke

Answer 44

Clonorchis sinensis

Question 45

Who is the definitive host in the clonorchis sinensis

Answer 45

Humans

Question 46

Clonorchis has intermediate host and alternate host

Answer 46

Snail is the intermediate | Fish is an alternate

Question 47

Clonorchis sinensis pathology

Answer 47

* Flukes erode the bile ducts * Thickening and Occlusions of the bile duct * Interferes with liver function * Egg released into feces, then hatch into miracidia in H2O * The miracidia then penetrate snails, then burrow out and penetrate fish * Humans then become infected by eating undercooked fish

Question 48

These can penetrate directly into your skin enter blood vessels * Have two different sexes (Diecious) * Females lay eggs with spine that attach to blood vessels

Answer 48

Blood Flukes

Question 49

3 types of Blood Fluke

Answer 49

Shistasoma mansoni * Shistasome Japonicum * Shistasome Haematobium

Question 50

Shitasome Mansoni

Answer 50

Live in vessels surrounding the intestines

Question 51

Shistasome Japonicum

Answer 51

Live in vessels surrounding the intestines

Question 52

Shistasoma Haematobium

Answer 52

Live in vessels around the bladder

Question 53

Life cycle of Shistosoma

Answer 53

* Eggs exit in the urine or feces * in water eggs hatch into miracidium, which enters snails * Cercariea develop, and exit out of snail penetrate skin of human and burrow into host