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Microbiology > Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes > Flashcards

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

Most diverse group of cellular microbes

A

Prokaryotes

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2
Q

Habitat Ranges of Prokaryotes

A

From Antarctic glaciers - Thermal hotsprings
Animal colons - cytoplasm of other
From distilled water - Superaturated water prokaryotes
from disinfectant solutions - Basalt rocks

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3
Q

Few of all prokaryotes are capable of colonizing

A

Human and causing disease

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4
Q

Coccus

A

Round

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5
Q

Coccobacillus

A

Oval

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6
Q

Bacillus

A

Rob

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7
Q

Vibrio

A

Curved rod

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8
Q

Spirillum

A

Stiff Spiral

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9
Q

All reproduce asexually

A

Reproducation of Prokaryotic cells

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10
Q

3 Main methods of reproduction of prokaryotic cells

A

Binary fission
Snapping divison
Budding

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11
Q

Binary Fission

A

Dna Attaches to cytoplasmic membrane

-Daughter cells may separate, or stay attached

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12
Q

Snapping division, a variation of binary fission

A

Occurs in Gram + bacteria

As new cell develops, the inner portion of the cell wall pushes on outer cell wall eventually snapping into two separate organisms

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13
Q

Well cells divide everything is split _______ in binary fission

A

50-50

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14
Q

Budding

A
  • Out growth, nucleic acid transferred, but enlarges into a new cell
  • The Larger parent cell can continue to produce more buds
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15
Q

Reproductive cells produce spores at the ends of filamentous cells. each can develop into the original organism

A

In Actinomycetes

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16
Q

Some _________ can repoduce by fragmentation into smaller motile fragments that glide away from parental strans (in aquatic environments)

A

Cyanobacteria

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17
Q

(giant Bacteria) in surgeonfish, “give birth” to multiple prokaryotes which emerge from a dead mother cell

A

Epulopiscium

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18
Q

Arrangement of Prokaryotic cells, result from 2 aspects of division during binary fission

A

Planes in which cells divide

Separation of daughter cells

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19
Q

If they seprarate or stay attached

A

Separation of daughter cells

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20
Q

Pairs of cocci

A

Diplococci

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21
Q

Chain of cocci

A

Streptococci

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22
Q

Cocci divdies into 2 planes remaining attached

A

Tetrads

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23
Q

Cocci divides into 3 planes remaining attached, cuboidal packets

A

Sacrinae

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24
Q

Giant clusters, appearance of grape clusters

A

Staphylococci

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25
_______ are less variable in their arrangement , division occurs across transverse plane. May exist __________________.
Bacilli | -Singly, as pairs or chains
26
______ whihc divide by snapping division may result in palisade or V-shaped arrangement
Bacilli
27
Defensive strategy against unfavorable conditions | 1-vegetative cell ----> 1 Endospore, 1 endospre ----> vegetative
Endospores
28
Produced by gram-positive
Bacillus and clostridium
29
Location of ______ may be in different locations of cells
Endospores
30
Modern prokaryotic classifications, currently based on gentic relatedness of DNA, RNA (_____) , and protein sequences
rRNA
31
3 domains of modern prokaryotic classification
Archaea Bacteria Eukarya
32
Lack a Nucleus
Prokaryotes
33
Common features of Archaea
Lack true peptidoglycan Cell memranes lipids have branched hydrocarbon AUG codon codes for methionine (same as eukaryotes)
34
Other common features of Archaea
Reproduce by binary fission, bdding, or fragmentation Most are cocci, bacilli, or spiral forms;Pleomorphic forms Not Known to cause disease
35
3 phyla (based on rRNA
Crenarchaeota (thermophile) Euryachaeta (methanogens) Korachaeta
36
Neve found, only observed samples of rRna in environment
Korachaeta
37
Require extreme conditions to survive; temperature, pH, and/or SAlinity
Extremophiles
38
Prominent members of Extremophiles are
Thermophiles and halophiles
39
(most in phylum crenarchaeota) DNA, RNA, cytoplasmic membranes, and proteins do not function properly below 45 C
Thermophiles
40
Require temperatures over 80C
Hyperthermiophiles
41
Two representative genera in thermophiles _______ and ________
Geogemma | Pyrodictium
42
extremeophiles / Halophiles:( 1st 2)
Inhabit extremely saline habitats | -Depends on greater than 91% NaCl to maintain integrity of cell walls
43
Extremophiles / Halophiles (2nd 2 )
Many contain red or orange pigments which may protect from visible and UV light -Most studies - Halobacterium and Salinarium
44
Largest group of archaea (phylum Euryarcheatoa)
Methanogens
45
Convert carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas and organic acids to methane (CH4) gas
Methanogens
46
COnvert organic waste in pond, lake, and ocean sediments to methane
Methanogens
47
some live in colons of animals; one of primry sources of environmental methane
Methanogens
48
Scienetists believe these organisms are similar to earliest bacteria
Deeply branching bacteria
49
Live in habitats similar to those though to exist on early earth ; autotropic
Deeply braching bacteria
50
Represent more primitive forms of bacteria
Deeply braching bacteria
51
Phototrophs that contain photosynthetic lamaellae
Phototropic bacteria
52
Phototrophs are divided into ___ groups based on their ________________________.
5 | -Pigments and source of electrons for photosynthesis
53
``` blue-green bacteria(cyanobacteria -green sulfur bacteria -green nonsulfur bacteria -purple sulfur bacteria purple nonsulfur bacteria ```
phototrophs 5 groups
54
Gram negative phototrophs, have chlorophyll a and produce O2
Blue-green bacteria
55
have heteorcysts, which are specialized sacs which have enzymes for nitrogen fixation N2 -----> NH2
Blue-green bacteria
56
derive e- from H2S (deposit sulfur outside cells)
Green sulfur bacteria
57
Derive e- from carbonhydrates, organic acids
Green nonsulfur
58
Derive e- from H2S (deposits sulfur inside cells)
Purple sulfur bacteria
59
Derive e- from carbohydrates, organic acids
Purple nonsulfur bacteria
60
Bacteriochlorophylls anoxygens
Green sulfer bacteria green nonsulfur bacteria purple sulfur bacteria purple nonsulfur bacteria
61
Bacteria with guanine and cytosine below 50% in their nucleicacid
Low G+C gram-positive bacteria
62
Rod-shaped, obligate anaerobes; important in medicine and industry
Clostridia
63
Facultative or obligate anaerobes; lack cell walls, however have sterols in membranes; small free-living cells
Mycoplasmas
64
Low G+C Gram positive bacteria
``` Bacillus Listeria Lactobacillus Streptococcus and enterococcus Staphylococcus ```
65
Endospre forming aerobes facultative anaerobes, many common in soil; gram-positive bacteria
Bacillus
66
Contaminates milk and meat products (reproduces even if refrigerated) survuves in phaocytes ; gram positive
Listeria
67
Grows in the body but rarely causes disease (mouth, stomach, intestines vagina); gram positive
Lactobacillus
68
Causes numerous disease (ex. Strep throat, impetigo, pneumonia) Gram positive
Streptococcus and enterococcus
69
One of the most common inhabitants of humans (skin) may numerous disease gram-positive
Staphylococus
70
High G+c gram-postive bacteria
Corynebacterium Mycobacterium Actinomycetes
71
Pleomorphic aerobes and facultative anaerobes; produces metachromatic granules (stain differently) High gram-Positve
Corynebacterium
72
Aerobic rods that sometimes form filaments; slow growth partly due to mycolic acid in its cell walls high gram positive
Mycobacterium
73
from branching filaments resembling fungi (include actinomyces and streptomyces) high gram positive
Actinomycetes

Microbiology (26 decks)

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