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HPCT 311 > Adhesive and Staining > Flashcards

Adhesive and Staining Flashcards

(124 cards)

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1
Q

Temperature of Floatation water bath

A

10˚C below MP of wax

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2
Q

Temperature of Drying oven

A

5˚C higher than MP of wax

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3
Q

[6] Tissue adhesives

A
  1. Albumin (Mayer’s egg albumin)
  2. 1% Gelatin
  3. Cellulose
  4. Poly L-Lysine
  5. Sodium salicate
  6. Resin
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4
Q

Most common tissue adhesives.

[tissue adhesives]

A

Albumin (Mayer’s egg albumin)

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5
Q

Disadvantage of use: background staining.

[tissue adhesives]

A

Albumin (Mayer’s egg albumin)

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6
Q

[3] Components of Albumin

[EGT]

A
  1. Egg white
  2. Glycerol
  3. Thymol
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7
Q

adhesive

[albumin components]

A

Egg white

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8
Q

To increase viscosity and prevent drying.

[albumin components]

A

Glycerol

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9
Q

Prevent growth of molds.

[albumin components]

A

Thymol

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10
Q

Disadvantage: stains with different dyes.

[tissue adhesives]

A

1% Gelatin

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11
Q

Provides firmer attachment than albumin.

[tissue adhesives]

A

1% Gelatin

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12
Q

Gently heated to melt.

[tissue adhesives]

A

1% Gelatin

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13
Q

Added to floatation bath.

[tissue adhesives]

A

1% Gelatin

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14
Q

1% methyl cellulose.

[tissue adhesives]

A

Cellulose

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15
Q

Advantage: non staining to commonly used stains.

[tissue adhesives]

A

Cellulose

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16
Q

General purpose adhesive.

[tissue adhesives]

A

Poly L-Lysine

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17
Q

Widely used in immunohistochemistry.

[tissue adhesives]

A

Poly L-Lysine

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18
Q

Advantage: no background staining.

[tissue adhesives]

A

Poly L-Lysine

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19
Q

Commercial syrup that is diluted 1:10.

[tissue adhesives]

A

Sodium salicate

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20
Q

Advantage: less staining with most dyes, not affected by mild alkaline solutions.

[tissue adhesives]

A

Sodium salicate

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21
Q

Disadvantage: Blackening on silver impregnation and reticulin methods, red staining in methyl green pyronin technique.

[tissue adhesives]

A

Sodium salicate

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22
Q

Greatest adhesion

[tissue adhesives]

A

Resin

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23
Q

Araldite: made of epoxy resins

[tissue adhesives]

A

Resin

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24
Q

Diluted 1:10 with acetone

[tissue adhesives]

A

Resin

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25
Little affected by fluids in sections. [tissue adhesives]
Resin
26
[3] Groups of tissue staining
1. Histologic 2. Histochemical 3. Immunochemical
27
Direct interaction with dye or stain. [groups of tissue staining]
Histologic staining
28
Active tissue component is colored. [groups of tissue staining]
Histologic staining
29
Include: microanatomical stains, bacterial stains, specific tissue stains [groups of tissue staining]
Histologic staining
30
Study of tissue constituents through chemical reaction. [groups of tissue staining]
Histochemical staining
31
Microscopic localization of substances. [groups of tissue staining]
Histochemical staining
32
IRON [histochemical staining]
Perl's Prussian blue
33
VACUOLES [histochemical staining]
Periodic acid schiff
34
Combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques. [groups of tissue staining]
Immunochemical staining
35
Detection of phenotypic markers that are detected by antibodies. [groups of tissue staining]
Immunochemical staining
36
[2] Methods of Staining
1. Direct staining 2. Indirect staining
37
Uses aqueous or alcoholic dye solutions to produce color. [methods of staining]
Direct staining
38
Example: methylene blue, eosin [methods of staining]
Direct staining
39
Uses a mordant or another agent to intensify the action of the dye used MORDANT. [methods of staining]
Indirect staining
40
Serves as link or bridge between tissue and dye. [methods of staining]
Indirect staining
41
Dye + mordant =
Insoluble complex
42
Dye + mordant = insoluble complex [methods of staining]
Indirect staining
43
Example: Ehrlich’s hematoxylin (potassium alum with hematoxylin), Weigert’s hematoxylin (Iron) [methods of staining]
Indirect staining
44
Not essential and does not participate to chemical reaction of the tissue and dye.
Accentuator
45
Hastens the staining reaction by increasing the staining power and selectivity of dye.
Accentuator
46
Example of Accentuator
Loeffler's methylene blue
47
Tissue elements are stained in definite sequence. [progressive/regressive]
Progressive
48
The staining with specific periods of time or until desired color is attained. [progressive/regressive]
Progressive
49
No decolorizer is applied. [progressive/regressive]
Progressive
50
The distinction of tissue detail relies solely on the selective affinity of the dye for various cellular elements. [progressive/regressive]
Progressive
51
Overstaining is done. [progressive/regressive]
Regressive
52
Excess stain removed or decolorized from unwanted parts of the tissue and until the desired color is obtained. [progressive/regressive]
Regressive
53
Staining with a color that is different from that of the stain itself.
Metachromatic staining
54
Usually employed in staining cartilage, connective tissue, epithelial mucins, amyloid and mast cell granules. [staining]
Metachromatic staining
55
Majority are cationic or basic dyes belonging to thiazine or triphenylmethane groups. [staining]
Metachromatic staining
56
Important [metachromatic staining]
Water
57
Lose metachromatic stain. [metachromatic stain]
Alcohol
58
For contrast and background. [staining]
Counter staining
59
Stain with a different color that of the primary stain. [staining]
Counter staining
60
[3] Colors in Cytoplasmic stains
1. Red 2. Yellow 3. Green
61
[2] Color in Nuclear stain
1. Red 2. Blue
62
[3] Red in Cytoplasmic stains [EEP]
1. Eosin Y 2. Eosin B 3. Phloxine B
63
[3] Yellow in Cytoplasmic stains [POR]
1. Picric acid 2. Orange G 3. Rose Bengal
64
[2] Green in Cytoplasmic stains [LL]
1. Light green SF 2. Lissamine Green
65
[4] Red in Nuclear stains [NCSH]
1. Neutral red 2. Carmine 3. Safranin O 4. Hematoxylin
66
[3] Blue in Nuclear stain [MTC]
1. Methylene blue 2. Toluidene blue 3. Celestine blue
67
Demonstration of tissue elements using solutions of METALLIC SALTS that are deposited on the tissue surface.
Metallic impregnation
68
Could be a precipitate or a reduction product on certain tissue.
Metallic impregnation
69
The selective staining of living cell constituents.
Vital stains
70
Demonstrates cytoplasmic structures Mechanism:
Vital stains
71
It is a resistant to vital stains.
Nucleus
72
[2] Types of vital stains
1. Intravital stains 2. Supravital stains
73
By injecting the dye into any part of an animal body. [vital staining]
Intravital staining
74
Examples: Lithium, Carmine, India ink [vital staining]
Intravital staining
75
Used immediately after removal of cells from subject. [vital staining]
Supravital staining
76
Examples: Neutral red (BEST VITAL STAIN), Janus green, Trypan blue, Nile blue, Toluidine blue [vital staining]
Supravital staining
77
[2] Categories of stain
1. Natural dyes 2. Synthetic dyes
78
[3] Natural dyes [HCO]
1. Hematoxylin 2. Cochineal dyes 3. Orcein
79
Derived from plants and animals. [categories of stain]
Natural dyes
80
Natural dye obtained from ______ capechianum. [natural dyes]
Hematoxylin
81
RIPENING: Active coloring agent Hematin (oxidation of hematoxylin) [natural dyes]
Natural dyes
82
Active coloring agent Hematin [hematoxylin]
Ripening
83
Used in combination with a mordant such as alum, iron, chromium, copper salts. [natural dyes]
Hematoxylin
84
[2] Types of Ripening
1. Natural ripening 2. Artificial ripening
85
Expose the substance to air and sunlight. [ripening]
Natural ripening
86
A slow process usually take 3-4 months. [ripening]
Naturang ripening
87
Hematoxylin stains ripened by natural ripening: Ehrlich’s, Delafield’s [ripening]
Natural ripening
88
Chemical oxidation [ripening]
Artificial ripening
89
Chemical ripening agents: Hydrogen peroxide, Mercuric oxide, Potassium permanganate, Sodium perborate, Sodium iodate. [ripening]
Artificial ripening
90
Hematoxylin stains ripened by artificial ripening: Mayer’s, Harris [ripening]
Artificial ripening
91
Hydrogen peroxide, Mercuric oxide, Potassium permanganate, Sodium perborate, Sodium iodate. [artificial ripening]
Chemical ripening agents
92
Extracted from coccus cacti (female cochineal bug) [natural dyes]
Chochineal dyes
93
CHROMATIN and NUCLEAR STAIN for fresh and smear preparation. [used with alum]
Carmine dye
94
neuropathological stain C [used with picric acid]
Picrocarmine
95
Demonstration of glycogen (BEST) [used with aluminum chloride]
Best's carmine
96
Vegetable dye [natural dyes]
Orcein
97
Extracted from lichens. [natural dyes]
Orcein
98
Used for staining elastic fibers. [natural dyes]
Orcein
99
Generally colorless but if treated with ammonia, exposed to air will produce a blue violet color. [natural dyes]
Orcein
100
pH indicator of Orcein
Litmus paper
101
pH indicator: litmus paper [natural dyes]
Orcein
102
Also known as Coal tar dyes or Aniline dyes. [categories of stain]
Synthetic dyes
103
Derived from hydrocarbon benzene. [categories of stain]
Synthetic dyes
104
[3] Synthetic dyes [CAD]
1. Chromophore 2. Auxochrome 3. Dyes
105
Simple benzene compounds that contain chromophores
Chromogen
106
Chromophore + Auxochrome =
Dye
107
[3] Groups of synthetic dyes. [ABN]
1. Acid dyes 2. Basic dyes 3. Neutral dyes
108
Coloring substance is found in the acid component. [group of synthetic dyes]
Acid dyes
109
Acid dye ions basic cell structures (ACIDOPHILIC) [group of synthetic dyes]
Acid dyes
110
Example: Picric acid, Eosin [group of synthetic dyes]
Acid dyes
111
Coloring substance is found in basic component. [group of synthetic dyes]
Basic dyes
112
Basic dyes ions acidic cell structures (BASOPHILIC) [group of synthetic dyes]
Basic dyes
113
Example: Methylene blue [group of synthetic dyes]
Basic dyes
114
Combination of aqueous acid and basic dyes. [group of synthetic dyes]
Neutral dyes
115
Stain nucleus and cytoplasm simultaneously. [group of synthetic dyes]
Neutral dyes
116
Example: Romanowsky dye [group of synthetic dyes]
Neutral dyes
117
Insoluble to barely: water [group of synthetic dyes]
Neutral dyes
118
Dimensions of Floatation water bath.
11 inch (dimension), 4 inch (height), 2L (capacity)
119
76mm x 25mm ; 1.00 – 1.22mm thick; frosted
Clean slides
120
Hot plate [temp]
45 - 55˚C for (30 – 45 mins)
121
Wax oven [temp]
56 - 60˚C for 2 hours
122
Carmine dye: Chromatin and nuclear stain for fresh and smear preparation. [cochineal dyes]
used with alum
123
Picrocarmine: neuropathological stain C [cochineal dyes]
Used with picric acid
124
Best’s Carmine: demonstration of glycogen (BEST) [cochineal dyes]
Used with aluminum chloride

HPCT 311 (16 decks)

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