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HPCT 311 > Trimming and Sectioning > Flashcards

Trimming and Sectioning Flashcards

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1
Q

Process of removing excess wax after embedding.

A

Trimming

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2
Q

Knife/blade may be used.

A

Trimming

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3
Q

Frozen section size in sectioning.

A

10-15 um

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4
Q

Ideal: FOUR-SIDED PRISM/TRUNCATED PYRAMID

A

Trimming

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5
Q

Cutting or Microtomy

A

Sectioning

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6
Q

The process by which a processed tissue is cut into uniformly thin slices (sections) to facilitate studies under the microscope.

A

Sectioning

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7
Q

Sectioning thickness for routine histologic procedure.

A

4-6 um

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8
Q

Electron microscopy size for sectioning.

A

0.5 um

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9
Q

[3] Microtome knives

[PBP]

A
  1. Plane-concave knife
  2. Biconcave knife
  3. Plane-wedge knife
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10
Q

25 mm in length.

One side of the knife is flat while the other is concave.

[microtome knife]

A

Plane concave knife

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11
Q

120 mm in length.

With both sides concave, recommended for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome.

[microtome knife]

A

Biconcave knife

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12
Q

100 mm in length.

Have both sides straight, recommended for frozen sections or for cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks, using a base sledge type or sliding microtome.

[microtome knife]

A

Plane wedge knife

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13
Q

Recommended for cutting celloidin embedded tissue blocks on a sliding microtome.

[more/less concave sides]

A

Less concave sides

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14
Q

Used to cut paraffin sections on base sledge, rotary or rocking microtome.

[more/less concave sides]

A

More concave sides

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15
Q

[4] Angles

[BBCC]

A
  1. Bevel
  2. Bevel angle
  3. Cutting angle
  4. Clearance angle
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16
Q

Cutting facet, found on the tapered edge of all knives, the sides of which are more acutely inclined towards each other.

[angle]

A

Bevel

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17
Q

The angle formed between the cutting edges.
About 27˚ to 32˚.

[angle]

A

Bevel angle

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18
Q

Sides of the knife are inclined at 15˚ angle maximum penetration of the tissues and minimize distortion.

[angle]

A

Cutting angle

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19
Q

The knife should be inclined with a 5-10˚ angle will prevent uneven sections and will prevent the cutting facet to compress the tissue block during the cutting process.

[angle]

A

Clearance angle

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20
Q

“ralph knives” for ultramicrotomy.

[knife materials]

A

Glass knives

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21
Q

[6] Knife materials

[DST, GDS]

A
  1. Disposable knives
  2. Stainless steel
  3. Tungsten carbide
  4. Glass knives
  5. Diamond knives
  6. Steel knives
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22
Q

cutting resin section.

[knife materials]

A

Diamond knives

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23
Q

From HEEL TO TOE 20-30 TIMES.

[h/s]

A

Honing

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24
Q

It makes use of a vibrating frosted plate or wheel driven by an electrical motor.

A

Mechanical honing

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25
30 double strokes are given each side of the knife to which very gentle pressure is applied. [h/s]
Honing
26
How many strokes are given each side of the knife which very gentle pressure is applied.
30 double strokes
27
Removal of blemishes and grinding the cutting edge of the knife on a stone to acquire an even edge.
Honing proper
28
[3] Types of Hones [BAF]
1. Belgium yellow 2. Arkansas 3. Fine carborundum
29
For manual sharpening when cutting edge has been rendered blunt or nicked. This type usually gives the BEST RESULT. [types of hones]
Belgium yellow
30
Gives more polishing effect than the belgium yellow. [types of hones]
Arkansas
31
Much coarser than the first two typed and used only for badly nicked knives. Followed by either one of the first 2 knife sharpeners. [types of hones]
Fine carborundum
32
To polish and sharpen the cutting edge. [h/s]
Stropping
33
Removal of burrs. [h/s]
Stropping
34
From toe to heel direction. [h/s]
Stropping
35
Around 40-120 double strokes are usually required. [h/s]
Stropping
36
How many strokes are required in Stropping?
40-120 double strokes
37
Material: PADDLE STROP made up of horse leather firmly attached to a solid back to prevent sagging. [h/s]
Stropping
38
[2] Types of sectioning
1. Paraffin sections 2. Celloidin sections
39
Rocking and rotary microtome. [types of section]
Paraffin sections
40
Sliding microtome Frozen section (Cryostat). [types of section]
Celloidin sections
41
[2] Celloidin sections
1. Cold knife 2. Cryostat
42
[4] Methods of freezing
1. Liquid nitrogen 2. Isopentane 3. Aerosol sprays 4. Carbon dioxide
43
A spring balanced pawl is brought into contact with a ratchet feed wheel connected to a micrometer screw, which is rotated, moving the tissue block at a known distance towards the knife for cutting sections at uniform thickness 3 essential parts .
Microtomy
44
the tissue is held in position. [microtomy]
Block holder
45
actual cutting of tissue sections. [microtomy]
Knife carrier and knife
46
To line up the tissue block in proper position with the knife. [microtomy]
Pawl, rachet feet wheel and adjustment screws.
47
[5] Kinds of Microtome [RRS, FU]
1. Rocking microtome 2. Rotary microtome 3. Sliding microtome 4. Freezing microtome 5. Ultrathin microtome
48
Rocking Microtome aka?
Cambridge Rocking Microtome
49
inventor: Paldwell Trefall in 1881. [microtome]
Rocking Microtome
50
Who invented Rocking Microtome?
Paldwell Trefall in 1881
51
Simplest among the microtomes. [microtome]
Rocking Microtome`
52
Disadvantage: difficulty in reorienting the block. [microtome]
Rocking microtome
53
Rotary Microtome aka?
Minot Microtome
54
Inventor: Minot in 1885-1886 [microtome]
Rotary Microtome
55
Who invented the Rotary Microtome?
Minot, 1885-1886
56
MOST COMMON type used today especially for paraffin-embedded tissues. [microtome]
Rotary microtome
57
MOST DANGEROUS TYPE DUE TO MOVABLE EXPOSED KNIFE! [microtome]
Sliding microtome
58
Inventor/developer: Adams in 1789 [microtome]
Sliding Microtome
59
Who invented Sliding Microtome?
Adams in 1789
60
[2] Types of Sliding Microtome
1. Base-Sledge 2. Standard Sliding Microtome
61
for all forms of media. [sliding microtome]
Base-sledge
62
block holder: moving. [sliding microtome]
Base-sledge
63
knife: stationary [sliding microtome]
Base-sledge
64
block: stationary [sliding microtome]
Standard Sliding Microtome
65
knife: moving [sliding microtome]
Standard Sliding Microtome
66
[2] Other Microtome
1. Rotary Rocking Microtome 2. Vibrotome
67
Used for unfixed, unfrozen specimen sectioning for enzyme demonstrations. [other microtome]
Vibrotome
68
Used for cutting sections for Electron microscopy. [microtome]
Ultrathin microtome
69
uses DIAMOND KNIVES. [microtome]
Ultrathin Microtome
70
Specimen is small, fixed in osmium tetroxide embedded in plastic. [microtome]
Ultrathin Microtome
71
Invented by Queckett in 1848. [microtome]
Freezing microtome
72
Who invented Freezing Microtome?
Queckett in 1848
73
[4] Other equipment use in sectioning [FDFC]
1. Floatation water bath 2. Drying oven 3. Forceps 4. Clean slides
74
Size of Hones
8 x 3 inch
75
Removal of nicks (irregularities). [h/s]
Honing
76
Give [5] FAULTS occurring during TISSUE PROCESSING. [BATTT]
1. Brittle or hard tissue 2. Airholes 3. Tissue shrinks 4. Tissue is soft 5. Tissue smells of clearing agent.
77
Give [5] FAULTS observed during SECTION CUTTING [CASRR]
1. Chatters are seen 2. A hole is formed 3. Sections are squashed 4. Ribbon is curved 5. Ribbon is split
78
Ideal in Trimming
Four-sided prism/ Truncated pyramid
79
What is trimming?
Process of removing excess wax after embedding.
80
What is sectioning?
A processed tissue is cut into uniformly thin slices to facilitate studies under microscope.
81
This must not be allowed to come in contact with the strop?
Wax
82
It is not recommended and should never come in contact with a strop because it will tend to blister and destroy the leather.
Mineral oil

HPCT 311 (16 decks)

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