Basic Histopathology Flashcards by eliz YJH

Q

to set a fire

A

{Inflammare”

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Q

Protective response of the tissues of the body to irritation or injury.

A

Inflammation

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Q

It is composed of a series of physiologic and morphologic changes in the blood vessels, blood components and surrounding connective tissues for the purpose of protecting the body against injury.

A

Inflammation

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Q

[5] Cardinal signs of inflammation.

[RTCDF]

A

Rubor
Tumor
Calor
Dolor
Functio laesa

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Q

“redness”

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Rubor

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Q

Due to arteriolar and capillary dilatation with increased rate of blood flow towards the site of injury.

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Rubor

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Q

“swelling”

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Tumor

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Q

Due to increased capillary permeability causing extravasation of blood fluid; recruitment of phagocytes.

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Tumor

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Q

“heat”

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Calor

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Q

Due to transfer of internal heat to the surface or site of injury, brought about by increased blood content.

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Calor

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Q

“pain”

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Dolor

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Q

Due to pressure upon the sensory nerve by the exudate/tumor.

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Dolor

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Q

“diminished function”

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Functio laesa

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Q

Destruction of the functioning units of the tissue.

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Functio laesa

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Q

[3] Classification of inflammation.

[ASC]

A

Acute
Subchronic
Chronic

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Q

A rapid response to an injurious agent that aims to rapidly bring mediators of inflammation.

A

Acute inflammation

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Q

The escape of fluid, proteins and blood cells from the vascular system into interstitial tissue or body.

A

Exudation

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Q

[2] Types of Exudation

A

Exudate
Transudate

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Q

Increase specific gravity, increased protein with infection.

[types of exudation]

A

Exudate

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Q

Low specific gravity.

[types of exudation]

A

Transudate

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Q

[5] Character of exudate

[SF, CHS]

A

Serous inflammation
Fibrinous inflammation
Catarrhal inflammation
Hemorrhagic inflammation
Suppurative or Purulent inflammation

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Q

Accumulation of serous fluid.

[terms]

A

Effusion

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Q

Creamy fluid composed of large number of PMNs and necrotic tissue debris.

[terms]

A

PUS

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Q

Large accumulation of Pus.

[terms]

A

Abscess

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Small accumulation of pus. [terms]

Pustule

Represents and intergrade between acute and chronic. [classification of inflammation]

Subchronic inflammation

Persistence of the injuring agent for weeks/years. [classification of inflammation]

Chronic inflammation

[3] Cellular death [ANN]

1. Apoptosis 2. Necrobiosis 3. Necrosis

PROGRAM CELL DEATH [cell death (ANN)]

Apoptosis

Vital process that helps eliminate unwanted cells. An internally programmed series of events effected by dedicated gene product. [cell death (ANN)]

Apoptosis

Physiologic death of cells. [cell death (ANN)]

Necrobiosis

Pathologic death of cell which is due to disease or injury. [cell death (ANN)]

Necrosis

[5] Cellular Death [CL, CGF]

1. Coagulation necrosis 2. Liquefaction necrosis 3. Caseous necrosis 4. Gangrenous necrosis 5. Fat necrosis

Consists of more or less rapid coagulation of cytoplasm. Encountered when there is infarction. [5' cell death]

Coagulation necrosis

Most common “TOMBSTONE FORMATION”. [5' cell death]

Coagulation necrosis

Due to enzymes, necrosis of tissue rich in liquid. [5' cell death]

Liquefaction necrosis

yellow, cheesy, crumbly material. [5' cell death]

Caseous necrosis

“SULFIDE GAS FORMATION” [5' cell death]

Gangrenous necrosis

[2] Gangrenous necrosis [5' cell death]

1. Dry gangrene 2. Wet gangrene

Involves the destruction of adipose tissue. Fat destruction due to release of pancreatic lipases. “CHALKY WHITE APPEARANCE” [5' cell death]

Fat necrosis

Serum secretion from serosal mesothelial cells/certain PTB. [character of exudate]

Serous inflammation

Exudation of large amount of fibrinogen (diptheria, Rheumatic pericarditis, early stage of pneumonia). [character of exudate]

Fibrinous inflammation

Hypertension of the mucosa. [character of exudate]

Catarrhal inflammation

Admixture of blood and other elements of exudate/bacterial infection and others. [character of exudate]

Hemorrhagic inflammation

Pus/purulent exudate. [character of exudate]

Suppurative or purulent inflammation

[2] Microscopic changes

1. Nuclear changes 2. Cytoplasmic changes

[3] Nuclear changes [PKK]

1. Pyknosis 2. Karyorrhexis 3. Karyolysis

Indicates reduction in size and condensation of the nuclear material. [nuclear changes]

Pyknosis

Indicates the segmentation and fragmentation of the nucleus, whereby nuclear contents are broken up and released into the cytoplasm. [nuclear changes]

Karyorrhexis

Means the dissolution of the nucleus where all basophilism is lost and the nucleus dissapears. [nuclear changes]

Karyolysis

The cell may appear larger and granular “CLOUDY SWELLING’’ [microscopic changes]

Cytoplasmic changes

Refers to the death or complete cessation of metabolic and functional activities of the organism or body. [death]

Somatic death

Cells survive 4-6 minutes after lungs and heart stop functioning. [death]

Somatic death

[3] Primary changes in Somatic death. [CRN]

1. Circulatory failure 2. Respiratory failure 3. Nervous failure

Death because of cardiovascular integrity. [primary changes' somatic death]

Circulatory failure

Leads to death due to absence of oxygen and accumulation of carbon dioxide. [primary changes' somatic death]

Respiratory failure

Causing loss of coordination of various body functions. [primary changes' somatic death]

Nervous failure (CNS failure)

[6] Secondary changes of Somatic death [ARL, DPA]

1. Algor mortis 2. Rigor mortis 3. Livor mortis 4. Desiccation 5. Putrefaction 6. Autolysis

This is the first demonstrable change observed, characterized by cooling of the body. 7°F PER HOUR. [secondary changes' somatic death]

Algor mortis

Refers to the rigidity or stiffening of the muscles, occurring 6-12hours after death. [secondary changes' somatic death]

Rigor mortis

Refers to the purplish discoloration or lividity of the skin. [secondary changes' somatic death]

Livor mortis

Refers to the drying and wrinkling of the cornea and the anterior chamber of the eye. [secondary changes' somatic death]

Desiccation

Characterized by foul-smelling gases, due to multiplying saprophytic organisms. [secondary changes' somatic death]

Putrefaction

This implies self-digestion of the cells, bacteria enhance the destruction of tissue. [secondary changes' somatic death]

Autolysis

A healthy, relaxed sedentary 70kg man who is killed instantly in an accident will usually have organ weights in these ranges: right lung:

300-400 g

Left lung

250-350 g

Heart:

250-300 g

Liver:

1100 - 1600 g

Adrenals:

2 grams or each

Thyroid:

10 - 50 g

Spleen:

60 -300 g

Brain:

1150 - 1450 g

Clear of RBC

Chicken fat

RBC

Currant jelly