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HPCT 311 > Dehydration and Clearing > Flashcards

Dehydration and Clearing Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

Generally used in increasing strengths.

A

Dehydrating fluids

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2
Q

All the aqueous tissue fluids are removed but with little disruption to the tissue due to diffusion currents.

A

Increasing strengths

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3
Q

Ratio of Dehydrating Agent to tissue:

A

10:1

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4
Q

Ratio of Fixative to tissue:

A

20:1

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5
Q

Most common dehydrating agent.

A

Alcohol

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6
Q

[5] Alcohol

[EM, BII]

A
  1. Ethanol
  2. Methyl alcohol
  3. Butyl alcohol
  4. Industrial methylated spirit (denatured alcohol
  5. Isoprophyl alcohol
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7
Q

For routine dehydration of tissues.

[alcohol]

A

Ethanol

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8
Q

Best dehydrating agent.

[alcohol]

A

Ethanol

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9
Q

Employed for blood and tissue films.

[alcohol]

A

Methyl alcohol

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10
Q

Can cause blindness (optic blindness).

[alcohol]

A

Methyl alcohol

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11
Q

Also osmium tetroxide.

A

Methyl alcohol

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12
Q

Utilized in plant & animal micro techniques.

[alcohol]

A

Butyl alchohol

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13
Q

Slow (maBagal = Butyl)

[alcohol]

A

Butyl alcohol

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14
Q

ethanol + small amount of methanol;

[alcohol]

A

Industrial methylated spirit

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15
Q

Used in the same way as ethanol.

[alcohol]

A

Industrial methylated spirit

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16
Q

Many of the processing methods for use in a microwave oven recommend this agent.

[alcohol]

A

Isopropyl alcohol

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17
Q

[6] Dehydrating agents

[AAD, CTT]

A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Acetone
  3. Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)
  4. Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ather)
  5. THF (Tetrahydrofuran)
  6. Triethyl phosphate
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18
Q

BOTH fixative and dehydrating agent.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Acetone

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19
Q

Organ for acetone:

A

Brain or CNS

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20
Q

Preserve Negri bodies.

[alcohol]

A

Acetone

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21
Q

Rapid but penetrates poorly.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Acetone

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22
Q

Not recommended for routine.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Acetone

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23
Q

[3] BOTH dehydrating and clearing agent.

[dehydrating agent]

A
  1. Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)
  2. Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl either)
  3. THF (Tetrahydrofuran)
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24
Q

Advantage: excellent dehydrating and clearing agent.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)

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25
Tissues can be left for long periods of time without affecting the staining properties of the specimen. [dehydrating agent]
Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)
26
Disadvantage: expensive and produces toxic vapos. [dehydrating agent]
Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)
27
Disadvantage of Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)
expensive and produces toxic vapos.
28
GAUPNER’S METHOD: 3x changes (both dehydration and clearing). [dehydrating agent]
Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)
29
WEISEBERG METHOD: wrap the tissue with gauze (add dioxane + anhydrous calcium oxide) [dehydrating agent]
Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)
30
Wrap the tissue with gauze (add dioxane + anhydrous calcium oxide). [methods' dioxane]
Weiseberg method
31
3x changes (both dehydration and clearing). [methods' dioxane]
Gaupner's method
32
Fast dehydrating. [dehydrating agent]
Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)
33
Disadvantage: combustible at 110-120F. [dehydrating agent]
Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)
34
Cold temperature or explosion proof container (ingest, inhalation in contact). [dehydrating agent]
Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)
35
Toxic when ingested or inhaled. [dehydrating agent]
THF (Tetrahydrofuran)
36
Eye and skin irritants and has offensive odor. [dehydrating agent]
THF (Tetrahydrofuran)
37
Conjunctival irritation. [dehydrating agent]
THF (Tetrahydrofuran)
38
Disadvantage: dissolves fat and other substances. [dehydrating agent]
THF (Tetrahydrofuran)
39
Used to dehydrate smears producing minimal shrinkage. [dehydrating agent]
Triethyl phosphate
40
[2] Additives to dehydrating agents.
1. 4% phenol (tissue softener) + each 95% ethanol baths 2. Anhydrous copper sulfate
41
Acts as a tissue softener for hard tissues such as tendons, nails, or dense fibrous tissues. [additives to dehydrating agents.]
4% phenol (tissue softener) + each 95% ethanol baths
42
Can act as BOTH dehydrating agent and an indicator of water content of the last bath (100% ETOH). [additives to dehydrating agents.]
Anhydrous copper sulfate
43
BLUE indicates presence of water. [additives to dehydrating agents]
Anhydrous copper sulfate
44
Dioxane WEISEBERG METHOD. [additives to dehydrating agents]
Anhydrous copper sulfate
45
Serves as an indicator that dehydration is complete (white blue).
Anhydrous copper sulfate
46
Formula for MILKY
Xylene + water
47
Clearing agent and indicator for dehydration.
Xylene
48
It affects speed of penetration of the clearing agent.
Viscosity
49
It causes the tissue to become brittle and more difficult to cut.
Prolonged exposure
50
Carcinogenic (Xylene and Benzene). [clearing, dealcoholization]
Xylene/Xylol
51
Colorless clearing agent. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Xylene/Xylol
52
MOST COMMONLY USED in routine procedures. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Xylene/Xylol
53
Clearing time: 30 – 60 MINUTES. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Xylene/Xylol
54
Clearing time of Xylene/Xylol. [clearing, dealcoholization]
30 - 60 minutes
55
Turns MILKY when tissues are incompletely dehydrated. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Xylene/Xylol
56
Substitute for xylene or benzene. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Toluene
57
Time for clearing 1-2 hours. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Toluene
58
Not carcinogenic. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Toluene
59
Slow penetration than xylene and benzene. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Toluene
60
Time for clearing of Toluene.
1-2 hours
61
Recommended for URGENT BIOPSIES. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Benzene
62
CARCINOGENIC. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Benzene
63
Can cause damage to BM & Aplastic anemia. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Benzene
64
Most Rapid (15-60 minutes). [clearing, dealcoholization]
Benzene
65
Most rapid (time) of Benzene. [clearing, dealcoholization]
15-60 mins
66
Slower in action. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Chloroform
67
May cause HEPATOTOXICITY. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Chloroform
68
Does not make tissue translucent but removes alcohol. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Chloroform
69
Clearing time: 6-24 hours. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Chloroform
70
Clearing time for Chloroform. [clearing, dealcoholization]
6-24 hours
71
Recommended for CNS TISSUE AND CYTOLOGY. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Cedarwood oil
72
No tissue distortion even if left in oil. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Cedarwood oil
73
Very expensive. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Cedarwood oil
74
Clearing agent for paraffin and celloidin sections (impregnating changes media). [clearing, dealcoholization]
Cedarwood oil
75
Clearing time: 2-3 days. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Cedarwood oil
76
[10] Clearing agent [XTB, CCACC, MG]
1. Xylene/Xylol 2. Toluene 3. Benzene 4. Chloroform 5. Cedarwood oil 6. Aniline oil 7. Clove oil 8. Carbon tetrachloride 9. Methyl Benzoate and Methyl Salicylate 10. Glycerine/ Gum syrup
77
Recommended for embryos, insects, and VERY DELICATE TISSUES. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Aniline oil
78
Not for routine purposes. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Aniline oil
79
Causes MINIMUM SHRINKAGE. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Clove oil
80
Becomes adulterated (Disadvantage: Expensive). [clearing, dealcoholization]
Clove oil
81
Similar to chloroform but cheaper. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Carbon tetrachloride
82
Highly toxic upon prolonged exposure. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Carbon tetrachloride
83
No dealcoholization but make the tissues clearer. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Glycerine/Gum syrup
84
[2] Ascending grades of alcohol.
1. Increasing strength of alcohol 2. 65-75% EtOH -> 95% EtOH -> 100% Absolute Alc
85
Recommended start processing for delicate tissues, particularly embryonic and animal tissues.
30% ethyl alcohol
86
Slow acting. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Methyl Benzoate and Methyl Salicylate
87
For double embedding techniques. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Methyl Benzoate and Methyl Salicylate
88
Paraffin then embedding media. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Methyl Benzoate and Methyl Salicylate
89
Used for embedding and mounting process. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Xylene/Xylol
90
Used for urgent biopsis. [clearing, dealcoholization]
Xylene/Xylol
91
Clearing agent for paraffin and celloidin sections (impregnating changes media). [clearing, dealcoholization]
Cedarwood oil
92
[4] Notes to remember when using alcohol.
1. Strength of alcohol depends on the size, nature of the tissue, and the fixative used. 2. Length of storage 3. Temperature 4. Anhydrous copper sulfate serves as an indicator that dehydration is complete (white blue).
93
Give [5] Characteristics of an ideal dehydrating solution:
1. It should not evaporate fast 2. It should not harden tissues excessively. 3. It should not remove stains. 4. It should not be toxic to the body. 5. It should not be fire hazard.
94
Other name of Dioxane.
Diethylene dioxide
95
Other name of Cellosolve.
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
96
What is Gaupner's Method?
3x changes (for dehydration and clearing)
97
What is Weisberg Method?
Wrap the tissue with gauze (add dioxane + anhydrous calcium oxide)
98
Boiling point of Ethanol.
78.3°C
99
Boiling point of Butyl Alcohol.
117.7°C
100
Boling point of Isopropyl Alchohol
82.3°C
101
Boiling point of Triethyl phosphate.
215°C
102
Boiling point of Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)
156.4

HPCT 311 (16 decks)

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